1. Renewable Energy
Slide 1 - This session is all about different energy sources with a focus on Renewable Energy
Renewable Energy is energy that is from a renewable resource which are naturally replenished on a human timescale such as sunlight, wind, rain, tides, waves and heat
Renewable energy can be small local scale for example solar roof on house or large scale for example the London array offshore windfarm which has175 turbines, and is the largest offshore wind farm in the world

2. What are Fossil Fuels? Slide 2 – So what are fossils fuels?
Fossil fuels are non renewable natural fuel such as coal and gas, formed in the past from the remains of living organisms
Coal is formed from fossilised plants, made up of carbon with organic and non organic compounds. Mined and burnt to provide electricity
Oil is carbon based liquid formed as fossilised animals which is pumped out from between rocks.
Natural gas is trapped between rocks in the earth surface. We can get the gas using pipes sunk into the ground to release gas or by fracking
For FOD also say: It is estimated at current rates we only have 50 years left of oil, 52 years of Natural Gas and 114 years left of coal.

3. Fossil Fuels Disadvantages Advantages Disadvantages
Cheap and easy to convert to energy
Release harmful gases when burnt
Our Society is designed to run on fossil fuels
Supply is limited and will run out
Can generate large amounts of electricity in a single location
Release carbon dioxide when burnt adding to the greenhouse effect and increases global warming
Disadvantages
Slide 3 - What the advantages and disadvantages for fossil fuels?
Advantages of fossil fuels - Fossil fuels are relatively cheap and easy to obtain, but this may not always be the case. Much of our infrastructure is designed to run using fossil fuels.
Disadvantages of fossil fuels - Fossil fuels are non-renewable energy resources. Their supply is limited and they will eventually run out. Coal and oil release sulphur dioxide gas when they burn, which causes breathing problems for living creatures and contributes to acid rain. Fossil fuels release carbon dioxide when they burn, which adds to the greenhouse effect and increases global warming.

4. Solar Power
- Costly to make and install - Solar energy requires sunlight
+ No Fuel costs + No harmful gases + Houses have own supply + Low impact + Can use roof space + Smaller visual impact
Slide 4 - Energy from the sun is captured in solar panels and converted into electricity. Currently used to produce both electricity and heat and can be put on roofs or ground mounted.
Solar thermal panels use the sun’s energy to heat water that can be used in washing and heating.
Photovoltaic panels turn the sun’s energy directly into electricity, which can supplement or replace a building’s usual supply.
Go through advantages and disadvantages in slide.
UK peak electricity demand tends to be in early evening and in winter, but the electrical output from solar PV systems tends to peak around midday and in the summer, so the demand does not always match the production.

5. Onshore Wind
+ Infinite energy supply + Most affordable renewable energy + No harmful gasses produced
- Wind turbines can be noisy
- Some unsightly
- No wind will result in no energy
- Can kill birds and bats
Slide 5 - Wind turbines use the wind to drive turbines directly. As the wind blows, it transfers some of its energy to the blades, which turn and drive the generator.
Go through advantages and disadvantages in side
Some people find them unsightly however recent government surveys show the majority of people support renewable energy.

6. Offshore Wind + Excellent wind resources out at sea
+ Can be beneficial to fish and marine animals
- Challenging to install on the seabed
- Requires a lot of grid cabling
- No wind = no energy
- Costly to install
- Disruptive to sea life when being installed
Slide 6 - Go through advantages and disadvantages in side
Can have larger turbines
Sound travels more in water so when drilling can effect marine mammals, environmental impact survey needed.
Fishermen can’t fish in areas wind turbines are so fish stocks replenish.

7. Hydroelectric
+ Creates water reserves as well as energy supplies + Long lasting + Suitable for mountainous areas + No harmful gases produced
- Costly to build - Can cause flooding - Dams can have ecological impacts on hydrology
Slide 7 – Hydro energy is Energy is harnessed from the movement of water through rivers, lakes and dams. A hydroelectric power station converts kinetic energy from the flowing or falling water into electrical energy.
A hydroelectric dam is built across a river, blocking its progress downstream. Water collects on the upstream side of the dam, forming an artificial lake known as a reservoir. The reservoir becomes a sort of battery, storing energy that can be released a little at a time. Gates are opened to allow water out of the reservoirs through a turbine which is connected to a generator.
Go through advantages and disadvantages in side

8. Tidal
+ Potential to generate a lot of electricity + Tidal barrages can double as bridges to prevent flooding + No harmful gases produced
- Very costly - Not suitable everywhere - Can have negative effects on wildlife - May reduce tidal flow
Slide 8 - Tidal energy is a form of hydropower. The movement of tides drive turbines to produce electricity. Tidal energy production is still in its infancy.
There are currently three different ways to get tidal energy: tidal streams, barrages, and tidal lagoons.
For example the Swansea tidal lagoon. A tidal lagoon is a ‘U’ shaped breakwater, built out from the coast which has a bank of hydro turbines in it. Water fills up and empties the man-made lagoon as the tides rise and fall. They generate electricity on both the incoming and outgoing tides, four times a day, every day. The environmental impact of a barrage system can be quite significant. The land in the tidal range is completely disrupted. The change in water level in the tidal lagoon might harm plant and animal life. The salinity inside the tidal lagoon lowers, which changes the organisms that are able to live there. As with dams across rivers, fish are blocked into or out of the tidal lagoon.
Go through advantages and disadvantages in side

9. Wave
+ Ideal for island countries + Potentially a large supply + No harmful gases produced
- Construction can be costly - Technology remains unproven at a - technical and commercial sale - Could have negative effects on wildlife
Slide 9 - The water in the sea rises and falls because of waves on the surface. Wave turbines use the energy in the waves moment to drive electricity generators.
There are lots of different types, all of which are still in their infancy.
Go through advantages and disadvantages in side

10. Biomass
+ Cheap and readily available + If crops replaced, can be long term and sustainable + Old coal power plants can be repurposed into Biomass stations
- When burned it gives off pollutants including greenhouse gases - If crops are not replaced it is not sustainable and non-renewable
Slide 10 – Biomass uses organic material which is burned to provide energy.
Biomass energy is a way of turning this biological fuel – usually plants – into electricity.
Biomass can be burned directly or converted to liquid biofuels or biogas that can be burned as fuels
Biomass energy is also created in waste-to-energy plants. Here, waste organic matter that would otherwise end up in landfill (food waste for example) is burned on a large scale to produce steam. This steam rises, which spins turbines to create electricity.
Go through advantages and disadvantages in side

11. Geothermal
+ No harmful pollutants produced + No fuel costs + Can provide lots of energy (e.g. Iceland)
- Can be expensive - Cannot be used everywhere - Geothermal and volcanic activity might reduce, leaving power stations redundant
Slide 11 - Geothermal uses Hot rocks underground to heat water to produce steam. Steam can be used for heating or to power turbines to create electricity.
Go through advantages and disadvantages in side

12. Nuclear
+ Only require a small amount of material to produce a lot of energy + Raw material can be cheap + No atmospheric pollutants
- Nuclear reactors are expensive to build - Nuclear waste is highly toxic - Leakage has a devastating impact on people and the environment - Expensive to decommission
Slide 12 – Nuclear energy is not renewable but is a low carbon energy source. Uranium and plutonium is mined and used to create electricity by capturing energy released when the atoms are split by nuclear fission
In a nuclear reactor, atoms of uranium are forced to break apart. As they split, the atoms release tiny particles called fission products. Fission products cause other uranium atoms to split, starting a chain reaction. The energy released from this chain reaction creates heat.
The heat created by nuclear fission warms the reactors cooling agent. The cooling agent, heated by nuclear fission, produces steam. The steam turns turbines. The turbines drive generators that create electricity.
Go through advantages and disadvantages in side.

13. Activity Which Energy Source?
Slide 13 - Each table will now be given a map of an area, from what you have learnt today work together to decide what are the best sources of energy for your location map.

14. Thank you for listening