1. Aim: What motivates us to behave in the ways we do?
Motivation: A need or desire that energizes behavior and directs it toward a goal

2. Drive Reduction Theory
Our behavior is motivated by biological needs (requirements for survival)
we have impulses to act in a way that satisfy these needs called drives (an aroused state)
Body seeks homeostasis
*When out of homeostasis we have a need that requires the drive*

3. Primary Drive: biological need like hunger
Secondary Drive: learned drives ($ can buy food)

4. 2017 FRQ Question #1
psychology.pdf

5. Incentive Theory
We are not only pushed by a need but pulled by a desire (incentive)
Through learning, we associate some stimuli with rewards and others with punishment
We are drawn to behaviors that give us rewards

6. Arousal Theory/Yorkes-Dodson Law
We seek an optimal level of excitement or arousal
We all have different needs for arousal
Ex. People with high optimum levels are drawn to high excitement behaviors

7. Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs
Most basic needs satisfied first then safety needs, belongingness and love needs, esteem needs and finally self-actualization (needs to fulfill your potential as a human being)

9. Achievement Motivation
People with high achievement motivation will aim for challenging goals that are achievable

10. Intrinsic vs. Extrinsic Motivation

11. Management Theory of Motivation
Theory X
Theory Y
Mnemonic device for the two theories: a person refusing to work ("X") and a person cheering the opportunity to work ("Y")

12. Motivational Conflicts
Approach-approach conflict
Two desirable choices
Avoidance-avoidance
Two undesirable choices
Approach-avoidance
One choice with both pros and cons
Multiple-approach/multiple avoidance conflict
Many choices with pros and cons

13. Motivation of Hunger Physiology of Hunger Empty stomach Body chemistry
Brain
Role of the Hypothalamus
Lateral hypothalamus: triggers hunger
Ventromedial hypothalamus: depresses hunger

15. Set Point Theory
Every individual has a predisposition to keep us at a certain weight level called set point
Our hunger and metabolism corresponds to this set point

16. Psychology of Hunger External Incentives Taste Preference
Eating Disorders
Anorexia nervosa
Bulimia nervosa