1. Lesson 1- A Republican Takes Office
Chapter 10
Lesson 1- A Republican Takes Office

2. I Jefferson’s Democratic Style
A. Thomas Jefferson was determined to make the government more democratic. 1. Democratic- ensuring all people have the same rights. B. Personal style matched his beliefs. C. Preferred quiet dinners to the formal parties of prior Presidents. D. Wore casual clothes and greeted people by shaking hands instead of the traditional bowing. E. Emphasis on being an ordinary citizen. F. Some Federalists were worried about his beliefs- especially ideas about revolution and punishing the Federalists. G. In his inaugural address, promised that he would not treat Federalists harshly.

3. II Smaller Role for Federal Government
A. Jefferson wanted to change Federalist policies. 1. Felt national government had become too large and too powerful. B. New economic policies: 1. Reduce the federal budget, keeping the federal debt low. 2. Secretary of Treasury Albert Gallatin help Jefferson achieve this goal. 3. Believed in “lassez-faire”- an economic idea meaning to leave alone. a. Idea was promoted in Adam Smith’s The Wealth of Nations. b. free market- goods and services are exchanged with little regulation. c. Government should play very little role in economic affairs. d. Very different from Federalist idea of government.

4. C. Less active government. 1
C. Less active government. 1. Wanted less active role in governing the nation. 2. Decreased the size of government departments and cut the federal budget Reduced the size of the army and navy Asked Congress to repeal whiskey tax. 5. Restored the law allowing foreign-born people citizenship after only a 5-year waiting period.

5. D. Federalist Policies Remain 1
D. Federalist Policies Remain 1. On the advice of Albert Gallatin, kept the Bank of the United States. 2. Federal government continued to pay off state debts. 3. Let Federalists keep their government jobs.

6. III Strengthening the Supreme Court
A. Election of 1800 gave Republicans control of Congress, but Federalists still controlled the courts. B. Prior to Jefferson’s inauguration, Federalists passed laws increasing the number of federal judges. 1. President Adams filled these positions with Federalists. 2. John Marshall- appointed judge- became Chief Justice of the Supreme Court. a. Like Jefferson, was a rich VA planter with brilliant mind. b. Unlike Jefferson, was a staunch Federalist. c. Wanted to make federal courts stronger. C. Framers of the Constitution expected Judicial branch to balance the Legislative and Executive branches. 1. John Marshall felt they were too weak and powers were unclear.

7. D. Marbury v. Madison
Marshall decided a case that increased the power of the Supreme Court. 2. Case involved William Marbury- one of the judges appointed by Adams on his last night as President. a. Republicans refused to accept the “midnight judge.” b. Accused Federalists of using unfair tactics to keep control of courts. c. Jefferson ordered Secretary of State James Madison not to deliver the official appointment papers. 3. Marbury sued Madison. 4. According to Judiciary Act of 1789, only the Supreme Court could decide a case that was brought against a federal official.

9. E. Important Precedent
1. Supreme Court ruled against Marbury. 2. Chief Justice Marshall wrote the decision, stating the Judiciary Act was unconstitutional. a. The Constitution did not give the Supreme Court the right to decide cases brought again federal officials. Therefore, Congress could not give the court that power. 3. Set an important precedent. 4. Gave the Supreme Court the power to decide whether or not Congress’s laws were constitutional, and reject laws believed to be unconstitutional. 5. Jefferson displeased by decision, even though Marshall had ruled against Marbury. 6. Gave more power to the Supreme Court- called “judicial review.”