1. APUNTES: PRESENT PERFECT
19. impri
OBJECTIVE: TLW use the Present Perfect in order to express what one has done in the target language.
The Present Perfect is used to express actions that one “has done.”
“Perfect”, in foreign language terms means that the auxilary verbs “have, has, had” are used in conjunction with a past participle verb.
3. How to form the answers:
In the present perfect, the auxilary verb haber (to have) is used. The conjugations of the verb haber are:
PART 1: yo-he, tú-has, él, ella Ud.-ha, nosotros-hemos, ellos, ellas, Uds.-han
The past participle is formed by dropping the last two letters from the infinitive and adding either:
PART 2: -ar verbs: ado/ -er & -ir verbs: ido
EJEMPLOS:
I have eaten-Yo he comido.
You all have not studied yet-Uds. no han estudiado todavía.
She hasn’t cooked dinner.-Ella no ha cocinado la cena.
We have cleaned the house-Nosotros hemos limpiado la casa.
They have already ironed the clothes-Ya han planchado la ropa.
APUNTES: PRESENT PERFECT An
L. Ford
Production
2018

2. He hasn’t brushed his teeth yet-Ya no ha cepillado los dientes.
19. impri
OBJECTIVE: TLW use the Present Perfect in order to express what one has done in the target language.
NEVER separate the auxilary verb haber from the past participle! Object pronouns and reflexive pronouns are ALWAYS placed IN FRONT OF THE VERB HABER.
For NEGATIVE sentences, put the word ‘no’ BEFORE THE VERB HABER. With REFLEXIVE verb sentences, put the word no BEFORE THE REFLEXIVE PRONOUN.
EJEMPLOS:
Object Pronoun: I have given the gift to my mother.-Yo le ha dado el regalo a mi madre.
Reflexive Pronoun: I have put on makeup already.-Ya yo me he maquillado.
He hasn’t brushed his teeth yet-Ya no ha cepillado los dientes.
APUNTES: PRESENT PERFECT An
L. Ford
Production
2018

3. APUNTES: PRESENT PERFECT
19. impri
OBJECTIVE: TLW use the Present Perfect in order to express what one has done in the target language.
abrir-to open: abierto
caer-to fall: caído
creer-to believe: creído
cubrir-to cover: cubierto
decir-to say/to tell: dicho
devolver-to return (item): devuelto
escribir-to write: escrito
freír-to fry: frito
hacer-to do/to make: hecho
leer-to read: leído
morir-to die: muerto
oír-to hear: oído
poner-to put/to place: puesto
reír-to laugh: reído
romper-to break: roto
sonreír-to smile: sonreído
traer-to bring: traído
ver-to see: visto
volver-to return (place): vuelto
PRESENT PERFECT IRREGULARS:
These irregulars can be used as either past participles (verbs) or adjectives. When used as an adjective, they have to agree with the modified noun in gender AND number.
Ejemplos:
I have opened the letter
-Yo he abierto la carta. (VERB)
The opened letter.
-La carta abierta. (ADJ.)
APUNTES: PRESENT PERFECT An
L. Ford
Production
2019