1. Modern America
In what ways did the Civil War fail to liberate African Americans between ?

2. Main Points Political Social Economic Attempts and failure
Liberty and oppression
Economic
Freedom and dependence

3. 13th Amendment (1865) Black Codes Civil Rights Act (1866)
Neither slavery nor involuntary servitude
shall exist within the U.S.
Black Codes
Maintain slave-like condition
No leaving of employment
Plantation discipline
Civil Rights Act (1866)
Citizenship to all persons born in U.S.

4. Freedman’s Bureau (1865-1872) Not enough economic resources
Set up to help freed slaves built a new life
Not enough economic resources
Great resistance from the South
economic and political threat

5. 14th Amendment (1866) Radical Republicans Ratification
Reaffirmed state and federal citizenship regardless of race born or naturalised in US
Radical Republicans
Ratification
Ratified only by Tennessee
Rest of South resisted
1866 riots in Memphis and New Orleans
Reconstruction Act (1867)
southern states must accept black suffrage and ratify the 14th Amendment

6. 15th Amendment (1870) African American still prevented from voting
the right to vote not denied on grounds of race, colour or previous condition of servitude.
African American still prevented from voting
Stuffed ballot boxes
Hidden sites
Arrested right before election day
Disenfranchisement (1898)
Grandfather clause
Poll tax
Literacy tests

7. Legislation 1875 and after Civil Rights Act (1875)
Outlawed exclusion of African Americans from hotels, theatres, railroads…
“Dead letter”
Nullified by Supreme Court in 1883
States Rights (1876)
Right to control their own affairs in their own way

8. Political Period
Federal interest in Southern Reconstruction decreased
Grant - Amnesty Act (1872)
Depression ( )
End of Reconstruction (1877)
Compromise act

9. Legislation 1877 and after The Bourbons (from 1877)
dominated southern politics
“Let ‘Em Alone Policy” of Hayes
Jim Crow laws ( )
Plessey vs Ferguson (1896) - “separate but equal”
“Booker T. Washington Policy”
Never claiming social a. political equality