1. Government
Foundations

2. Origins of the State
Population
Territory
Government
Sovereignty

3. Purposes of Government
Maintain National Defense
Establish a well trained military to protect against outside invasions
Negotiate treaties to protect national security
Provide Public Services
Health, Safety, Transportation, Communications, Education, General Welfare
Provide Public Goods

4. Purposes of Government
Provide Order in Society
Make laws to prevent crime and ensure safety
Settle disputes
Provide police to capture and punish criminals
Issue money
Socialize citizens into political culture
Pass laws to enforce the standards of gov’t leaders
Pass laws regulating drugs, licensing, age limits, etc..
Collect taxes to pay for services

5. Theories of Government
Divine Right : Power to rule comes from God and can’t be taken away
Social Contract: People give power to one leader in exchange for protection

6. Divine Right Theory State was created by God
God granted sovereignty to a “royal” family
Population was bound to obey the divine right ruler
Widely held theory until 15th - 18th centuries in all parts of the world (Aztec, Mayan, Egyptian, European, Asian)

7. Social Contract Theory
Developed in 17th and 18th centuries
State arises out of a voluntary act of free people; form a contract
State exists only to serve the will of the people
Popular sovereignty, limited government, individual rights
Locke, Hobbes, Rousseau

8. Forms of Government Power Governing Anarchy (No government)
Limited Government (individual freedom/choice)
Authoritarian/Totalitarian (Government controls everything)
Governing
Unitary: National Government Rules
Confederation: State Governments Rule
Federal State: State and National Gov’t share power

9. Forms of Government Rulers Autocracy: is rule by one
Monarchy: power inherited (heredity)
Absolute monarchy: king and queen have total control over citizens and power is not questioned; most common form until the late 18th century; only one today is Saudi Arabia
Constitutional monarchy: king or queen shares power with other branches of government; most common form today; power is limited to ceremonial; must follow the laws of the country
Dictatorship: One person gains and holds power through force
Comes to power through violence; uses military to hold power; no orderly means or succession

10. Rulers (cont’d)
Oligarchy: rule by few
Usually a small group of rich and powerful people
EX. Aristocracy or Theocracy
Democracy: rule by all
Direct: everyone votes on everything
Representative: choose people to speak on our behalf (REPUBLIC)
The United States is a representative democracy with a limited federal system

11. Influential Documents
Code of Hammurabi
Magna Carta
English Petition
English Bill of Rights