1. J. Ogée – N. Viovy – P. Friedlingstein – P. Ciais G. Krinner – N. deNoblet J. Polcher (IPSL) Evaluation of the global biospheric model ORCHIDEE against FLUXNET flux data

2. ORCHIDEE SECHIBA energy & water cycle photosynthesis t = 1 hour LPJ spatial distribution of vegetation (competition, fire,…) t = 1 year STOMATE vegetation & soil carbon cycle (phénologie, allocation,…) t = 1 day NPP, biomass, litterfall vegetation types LAI, roughness, albedo soil water, surface temperature, GPP Global biospheric model ORCHIDEE rain, température, humidity, incoming radiation, wind, CO 2 meteorological forcing sensible & latent heat fluxes, CO 2 flux, net radiation output variables prescribed vegetation vegetation types

3. ORCHIDEE General framework for model evaluation FluxNet rain, température, humidity, incoming radiation, wind, CO 2 meteorological forcing vegetation types, latitude/longitude prescribed parameters sensible & latent heat fluxes, CO 2 flux, net radiation modelled fluxesmeasured fluxes VALIDATION

4. FluxNet Network More than 140 sites across the world (mainly N. Hemisphere)

5. Sites used here i.e. 31 sites, nearly 100 years of data

6. Meteorological forcing « Gap-filling » method = use of daily data from: - global radiation: ECMWF ERA-15 analysis - other: closest weather station T max T min time temperature

7. Site history Hypothesis = ecosystems « in equilibrium » mineral soil seeded (according to prescribed vegetation distribution) [C] = 0 [C] 0 250 yrs N yrs organic soil ecosystem equilibrium reached NEE mod = 0 correction to account for measured sink N yrs of meteorological forcing

8. 10-day bin-averaged fluxes (Tver forest) H (W m -2 ) LE (W m -2 ) NEE (µmol m -2 s -1 ) R n (W m -2 ) ORCHIDEE EC measurements

9. Daily and accumulated fluxes (Tver forest) ORCHIDEE EC measurements H (MJ m -2 ) LE (MJ m -2 ) NEE (gC m -2 ) R n (MJ m -2 )

10. Seasonally (JJA) bin-averaged diurnal cycles H (W/m 2 ) LE (W/m 2 ) R n (W/m 2 ) ORCHIDEE EC measurements NEE (µmol/m 2 /mth)

11. Bin-averaged seasonal cycles H (MJ/m 2 /mth) LE (MJ/m 2 /mth) NEE (gC/m 2 /mth) R n (MJ/m 2 /mth) ORCHIDEE EC measurements

12. Forêts tempérées vs. autres PFTs ORCHIDEE pas trop mal sur les forêts tempérées sauf les écosystèmes méditétannéens

13. Quelques résultats de PILPS Carbone

14. Slope/intercept and RMSE unsys/sysFor the different models (3 hourly fluxes)

15. Index of agreement for all models

16. Modeled and simulated carbon net sink In 1997 and 1998

17. CLASS-MCMCLASS-UA ORCHIDEE-1ORCHIDEE-2 SWAP IBIS Annual NEE (Kg C m-2 y-1) MC AVIM CLASS-MCMCLASS-UA ORCHIDEE-1ORCHIDEE-2 IBIS Annual GPP (Kg C m-2 y-1)

18. CLASS-MCMCLASS-UA ORCHIDEE-1ORCHIDEE-2 SWAP IBIS VISA Total Soil carbon (Kg C/m-2) MC AVIM CLASS-MCMCLASS-UA ORCHIDEE-1ORCHIDEE-2 SWAP IBIS VISA Total living biomass (Kg C/m-2) MC AVIM