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Different close reading purposes to help us read like scholars.
Literary Lenses Different close reading purposes to help us read like scholars.
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Psychoanalytical/Biographical
Using information about the writer’s life and the writer’s purpose to enhance an understanding of the text. For example, Keats was dying slowly but surely. This lends urgency to the poem “When I Have Fears.”
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Look! An orphan! Archetypal We have universal themes/characters/plots that move across time and cultures (a hero’s journey, forbidden love, cleansing floods, etc.) By analyzing archetypes, we can probe the universal qualities of a text and make Level Three connections with other texts.
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Reader Response This theory allows for the fact that no author can control the range of responses to a given work of literature. A reader brings personal, social and cultural connections to a text and finds This one is not beloved by standardized testmakers or AP graders.
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Feminist Looking at gender roles, social commentary about women and the way that characters meet or defy stereotypes.
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Marxist Karl Marx wanted to look at class structure as something that shaped both societies and people. In this particular lens, readers would look at how social class creates, shapes, influences the plot and characters.
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New Historicist This lens, very much aligned with the perspectives of literary periods and social histories, examines the historical context in which a text was produced. Consciously or unconsciously, an author comments upon that social world in fiction.
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Deconstructionist This one is a doozy.
Crazy postmodern folks believe that chaos enters unbidden, and that a text will always have small contradictions and paradoxes within it. Binary oppositions do not maintain meaning but rather collapse it in a fiery inferno.
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Now, look through the lenses!
For each of the following children’s tales, imagine what these lenses would reveal about gender, class, etc. in the story. “Hansel and Gretel” -- Archetypal “Sleeping Beauty” -- Feminist The Lion King --- Marxist “Cinderella” -- Reader Response Batman -- New Historicist
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