1. The science of naming organisms.
Taxonomy
The science of naming organisms.

2. Aristotle Plant or animal? If an animal, does it
Fly
Swim
Crawl
Simple classifications
Used common names

3. Carolus Linnaeus
Described organisms with two word names, instead of polynomials
Developed binomial nomenclature
First word = genus name
Second word = species name

4. Why binomial nomenclature?
Much easier than a 10+ word name under old “polynomial system”
Same name no matter where you go
Less confusion
Binomial = SCIENTIFIC NAME

5. Scientific Name examples
Homo sapiens
Canis lupus
Felis domesticus

6. Taxonomic hierarchy
Names organisms and their relationships from very broad to very specific

7. All organisms classified in a hierarchy
Domain
Kingdom (broadest)
Phylum
Class
Order
Family
Genus
Species (most specific)
Did King Philip Come Over For Green Soup

8. How many are out there? Scientists currently estimate that
There are 10 million species worldwide
Over 5 million live in the tropics
Most unnamed species are small or microscopic

10. Why is taxonomy useful? Helps prevent confusion among scientists
Helps to show how organisms are related
Can be used to reconstruct phylogenies – evolutionary histories – of an organism or group

11. Classification of Humans and Bears
Humans Domain – Eukarya Kingdom – Animalia Phylum – Chordata Class – Mammalia Order – Primates Family – Hominidae Genus - Homo Species - sapiens
Polar Bears Domain – Eukarya Kingdom – Animalia Phylum – Chordata Class – Mammalia Order – Carnivora Family – Ursidae Genus – Ursus Species - maritimus

12. A note on cladograms
Graph showing when different groups diverged from a common ancestral line
Points where they diverge are often noted with a feature that was different between ancestral group and a “new” feature in the group that split off.

14. Bird Cladogram

15. The 6 kingdoms Prokaryotes (Used to be 1 kingdom, Monera) Eukaryotes
Archaebacteria
Eubacteria
Eukaryotes
Fungi
Protista
Animal
Plantae

16. Overview of the 6 kingdoms
Archaebacteria
Unicellular
Live in extreme environments
Prokaryotic
Eubacteria
“Common bacteria”

17. Overview of the 6 kingdoms
Protista
Eukaryotic
Unicellular or colonial
Lots of different life styles
Fungi
Cell walls made of chitin
Multicellular

18. Overview of the 6 kingdoms
Plantae
Eukaryotic & Multicellular
Cell walls made of cellulose
Autotrophic
Animalia
No cell walls