1. Aim : The Mole : A measurement of matter
Every year, contestants from all over the world travel to Canada to compete in the world championship sand sculpture contest. Each contestant creates a beautiful work of art out of millions of tiny grains of sand. You could measure of sand in a sculpture by counting the grains of sand. But wouldn’t it be much easier to weigh the sand? Chemists measure the amount of a substance using a unit called a mole.

2. Measuring matter
You often measure the amount of something by one of three different methods-by count, by mass, and by volume. For example, you can buy soda by six-pack or by liter. As we can count eggs by dozens, also we can count particles by mole. A mole of substance is 6.02 x representative particles of this substance and is the SI unit of measuring amount of a substance. This number is called Avogadro ‘s number.

3. What is a mole?
A mole of any substance contains Avogadro ‘s number of representative particles. A mole of an atom like N = a mole of molecule like N2 = a mole of water = a mole of ion like Ca+2 = a mole of formula unit like CaF2 = 6.02 x 1023

4. practice
Magnesium is a light metal used in the manufacture of tools, and many things. How many moles of magnesium is 1.25 x 10 23?

5. Converting moles to number of particles
First, determine the number of atoms in a representative particle from the chemical formula For example, Co2 is composed of one carbon atom and two oxygen atoms. So, to find the number of atoms in a mole of a compound, you must first determine the number of representative particles, Representative particles = moles x 6.02x Then multiply the number of representative particles by the number of atoms in each molecule.

6. problem
Propane is a gas used for cooking and heating. How many atoms are in 2.12 mol of propane ( C3H8) ?

7. HOW MANY ATOMS ARE IN 1.14 mol SO3?

8. How many moles are in 4.65 x1024 molecules of No2?

9. The mass of a mole of an element
-The atomic mass of an element is the mass of one atom and its unit is atomic mass unit amu.
The carbon with 12 atomic mass unit is heavier 12 times than Hydrogen which has 1 amu, so any number of carbon atoms would be heavier 12 times than the same number of hydrogen atoms.
The mass of a mole of an element is the atomic mass of the element measured in grams.
The mass of a mole of an element is called its molar mass.
Like carbon has molar mass 12 g and atomic mass 12 amu.

10. If you were to compare 12 g of carbon atom with 16 g of oxygen atom, we would find both of them containing the same number of atoms.
The molar mass of any element contains one mol or 6.02 x 1023 atoms of that element.
The mole can be defined as the amount of the substance that contains as many representative particles as the number of atoms in 12 g of carbon atom crbon-12.
For example, magnesium has a molar mass 24.3 g, so 1 mole of magnesium ( or 6.02 x atoms of magnesium) has a molar mass of 24.3 g

11. The mass of a mole of a compound
To calculate the molar mass of a compound, find the number of grams of each element in one mole of the compound. Then add the masses of the elements in the compound. It is applied to any compound whether is ionic or molecule. For example, So3 is composed of one S atom and three O atoms. So, to calculate the molar mass for one mole of this compound we have to sum the atomic mass of each element. S atomic mass is 32.1 amu O atomic mass is 16 amu So the atomic mass of So3 = =80.1 amu

12. Now substitute the unit gram for amu to find the molar mass of So3 .
The molar mass (g/mol) of any compound is the mass in gram of 1 mol of that compound.
Thus 1 mole of So3 has a mass of 80.1 g, and this is the mass of 6.02 x 1023 molecules of So3.

13. The decomposition of hydrogen peroxide ( H2o2) provides a sufficient energy to launch a rocket. What is the molar mass of hydrogen peroxide?

14. Find the molar mass of Pcl3.

15. What is the mass of 1.00 mol of sodium hydrogen carbonate?