1. Multiculturalism

2. Definition of multiculturalism
Multiculturalism: the co-existence of diverse cultures
In Canada, it is when people are encouraged to retain their heritage and culture in their new country
Canada's was the first government in the world to make an official multiculturalism policy in 1971

3. What percent do you think?
How many Canadians were born outside Canada?
How many Torontonians were born outside Canada?

4. Nation of immigrants
20.6% of the total population in was born outside of Canada
Just over HALF of Toronto’s population was born outside of Canada
Over 140 languages spoken in Toronto
Toronto rivals New York and London as the most diverse city in the world

5. Toronto vs Montreal
Montreal only has 1/3 of its population being born outside Canada
Why doesn’t Montreal have the same level of diversity?
Its language police crack down on anything not in French
It attracts people from former French colonies (Haiti, Lebanon)

6. Top Languages/Ethnic groups
What do you think are the Top 5 languages spoken in Toronto besides English?
What do you think are the top 5 visible minorities in Toronto?

7. Toronto’s diversity Toronto’s Top 5 Languages (besides English)
1) Chinese 2) Italian 3) Punjabi 4) Tagalog 5) Portuguese
Toronto’s Top 5 Visible Minorities
1) South Asian 2) Chinese 3) Black 4) Filipino 5) Latin American

8. Definitions Ethnic Origin: your cultural and racial background
Visible Minority: an ethnic group that looks different from the majority
Chain Migration: when one wave of immigrants settle in a place and that encourages more waves of immigrants to move there, this forms ethnic neighbourhoods

9. More definitions
Mother Tongue: the first language you learned and still remember
Home Language: the language that is most commonly spoken by the members of a family for everyday interactions at home.

10. Ethnic enclave
: a residential concentration combined with religious, cultural institutions and services
Enclaves are largely concentrations by choice, voluntary.
They are a product of housing market and opportunities.
They are not ghettos in the sense that they are not the result of discrimination and poverty.

14. Difference between the Canadian and American systems

15. Canada = Mosaic
Mosaic: in Canada, immigrants can retain much more of their original culture (also called Salad Bowl theory)

16. USA = Melting pot
Melting Pot: in the States, immigrants lose much more of their culture and become more alike and 'Americanized', they become more assimilated and blend into the dominant culture

17. Pros Cons Mosaic Melting Pot
Pros
Cons
Mosaic
-diversity strengthens society
- less of a 'Canadian identity'
- it breeds tolerance
-encourages ethnic ghettos and marginalization
Melting Pot
-stronger national identity
-immigrants cut ties with their home country
-integration not a bad thing
-less tolerant, host country seen as 'superior' culture?