1. Crustal Formations (get to cutting!)

2. Earth’s Interior
Color it up!
Yes, I know it’s beautiful.

3. The Crust
The crust is the layer of rock that forms Earth’s outer skin

4. Mantle The layer between the crust and the outer core.
Makes up about 84% of Earth’s volume.
About 3,000 km thick

5. Lithosphere
(Greek for “stone sphere”)
up to 100 km thick
consists of: O- 45%, Mg- 23%, and Si-22%
Asthenosphere (Greek for “weak sphere”) is below the lithosphere
soft, plastic-like layer
increased heat and pressure

6. Core about the same size as our moon
hot solid iron and nickel (> 6000 Celsius degrees)
spins slightly faster than Earth

7. Outer Core about 2,200C - 5,000C Molten material Thick liquid
Enormous pressure

8. Inner Core About 6,000°C Dense ball of iron and nickel
High heat and pressure
Atoms cannot slip past each other

9. A Closer Look at Earth’s Layers

10. Geologists study two forces
1. Constructive forces shape the surface of the earth by building up mountains and landforms
2. Destructive forces wear down features of the earth

11. Model of the Earth CRUST LITHOSPHERE OUTER CORE MANTLE INNER CORE
ASTHENOSPHERE
INNER CORE

12. Cut it out!

13. Oceanic Crust (left side)
More dense than continental crust.
Made up of mostly basalt.
5 – 10 km thick (3-6 miles)
Newer (younger) than continental crust.

14. Continental Crust (right side)
Less dense than oceanic crust.
Made up of mostly granite.
30 – 50 km thick ( miles)
Older than oceanic crust.

15. Both (middle) Both are part of the Earth’s crust.
Both are made of solid material.
Both can be found on tectonic plates.

16. 3 Types of Plate Boundaries
Forms mountains (cc), volcanic mountain ranges (co), volcanic arc islands (oo)
Indo-Australian plate collides with the Eurasian plate to form the Himalayan Mountains.
Convergent
“colliding”

17. 3 Types of Plate Boundaries
Divergent
On land, forms rift valleys (cc)
In the ocean, forms sea-floor spreading
Mid-Atlantic Ridge (oo)
“dividing”

18. 3 Types of Plate Boundaries
Transform
Causes earthquakes (cc) which can cause tsunamis (oo)
San Andreas fault
“sliding”

19. Convection Currents
A current of heat flowing from the core to the crust.
The convection current along the bottom of the crust causes the moving of the tectonic plates.

20. Subduction
When the denser plate, oceanic, moves underneath the less dense plate, continental, into the mantle. (forms trenches)

21. Volcanic mountain ranges
*Great Rift Valley in Africa
*Mid-Atlantic Ridge
Continental: rift valleys
Oceanic: seafloor spreading
Apart, Dividing
Sliding past each other
The San Andreas Fault in California
Earthquakes, Fault lines
Colliding into each other
Folded Mountains
Himalayan Mountains
The older plate SUBDUCTS under the newer one
Older Newer
*Volcanic arc islands
*Trenches
*Aleutian Islands
*Marianas Trench
The more dense ocean plate SUBDUCTS under the continental plate
Volcanic mountain ranges
Andes Mountains
O C

22. Volcanic Activity and Plate Boundaries