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Practical Guide
Chemistry
Rates of Reaction
This document contains:
Links to YouTube clips showing the practical procedure
Information from examination boards AQA, OCR, Edexcel
Potential examination questions and answers
This resource is strictly for the use of member schools for as long as they remain members of The PiXL Club. It may not be copied, sold nor transferred to a third party or used by the school after membership ceases. Until such time it may be freely used within the member school.
All opinions and contributions are those of the authors. The contents of this resource are not connected with nor endorsed by any other company, organisation or institution.
Commissioned by The PiXL Club Ltd. November 2016
The PiXL Club Ltd, Company number
© Copyright The PiXL Club Ltd, 2016

2. Required practical – exam boards
AQA

3. Practical procedure: Rates of Reaction
Video 1
Video 2
Click on each of the tabs to take you to a YouTube clip. Please note these are external sites to PiXL, PiXL does not control the content of these sites.
Images from:

4. Possible examination style questions
The rate of a reaction between hydrochloric acid and calcium carbonate can be increased by increasing the concentration of the acid. Explain why, using ideas about collisions between particles.
Plot the following from a reaction between HCl and Mg.
Describe the pattern in the graph.
Use the graph to calculate the rate of reaction over the first 20 seconds.
The experiment was repeated using magnesium powder. Draw a line of best fit for this new reaction.
Time/ seconds 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90
Total volume of gas/ cm3 7 15 23 24 25

5. Possible examination style questions answers
The rate of a reaction between hydrochloric acid and calcium carbonate can be increased by increasing the concentration of the acid. Explain why, using ideas about collisions between particles.
ANSWER:
More reacting particles
In the same space
More frequent collisions between reacting particles

6. Possible examination style questions answers
Plot the following from a reaction between HCl and Mg
Time/ seconds 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90
Total volume of gas/ cm3 7 15 23 24 25
ANSWER:
Sensible scale
Correct plotting
Labels on axes
Line of best fit through points

7. Possible examination style questions answers
Describe the pattern in the graph.
ANSWER:
Reaction steady for first 20 seconds
Between seconds the reaction slows
Reaction completed after seconds
One of the reactants has been used up

8. Possible examination style questions answers
Use the graph to calculate the rate of reaction over the first 20 seconds.
ANSWER:
Find the gradient over the first 20 seconds
𝟏𝟓 𝟐𝟎 = 0.75
cm3/s

9. Possible examination style questions answers
The experiment was repeated using magnesium powder. Draw a line of best fit for this new reaction.
ANSWER:
Line should start steeper than initial line
Levels off earlier than initial line
Finishes at 25cm3

10. Key questions: What is the balanced equation for the reaction?
What are the state symbols for the reactants and products?
What is the best practical method to determine the rate of this reaction and why?
What are two different methods of collecting and measuring the volume of gas produced?
What is the biggest error in this experiment?
How could you reduce this error?
How do you decrease the size of the marble chips?
What specific safety precaution should you take when decreasing the size of the marble chips?

11. Key questions:
How does this affect the surface area of the marble chips?
What effect does this have on the rate of reaction?
How can you explain this effect from graphs of volume of gas plotted against time for two different sizes of marble chips?
How can you calculate the rate of reaction from these graphs?
What needs to be kept the same when you repeat the first experiment but use a different size of marble chips?
How could you decrease the concentration of the hydrochloric acid?
What effect will decreasing the concentration of hydrochloric acid have on the rate of reaction?

12. Key questions:
How do you explain this effect in terms of particles and collisions?
What is seen when sodium thiosulfate solution reacts with dilute hydrochloric acid?
What safety precautions should you take in this investigation?
What is the best practical method to determine the rate of this reaction and why?
How do you change the temperature of the solutions?
What happens to the time taken for the reaction to occur as the temperature increases?
How do you explain this change in terms of the energy of the particles and collisions?

13. Summary document
A summary document is also available on Huddle which contains all the relevant information about this practical from the different examination boards. It includes practical methods and other potential examination questions.