1. Topic 14
The 1920s

2. What was the Ku Klux Klan like in the 1920s, and how was it different from the Reconstruction-era KKK?

3. Ku Klux Klan (KKK)

4. History teacher in Stone Mountain Georgia, William J
History teacher in Stone Mountain Georgia, William J. Simmons, revived the famous Reconstruction-era group in 1915, but it remained poorly organized

5. In 1920 Edward Y. Clarke and Elizabeth Tyler joined Simmons’ organization and organized it well. They raised dues, conducted door-to-door campaigns, and held regular meetings. Membership soared throughout the South

6. In 1922 Texas dentist Hiram W
In 1922 Texas dentist Hiram W. Evans took over the leadership of the KKK. He completely changed the nature of the organization, and in doing so greatly expanded it.

7. KKK now saw itself as a pro-American, Christian, and family organization. It depicted all non-white Protestants as anti-American and a threat to the nation. This included not only Africa-Americans, but immigrants, Jews, and Catholics. In doing so the new KKK tried to appeal to all areas of America, not just the South
Note: Wisconsin
Note: Flag Day
Note: Music, dancing, public invited

8. KKK seen by many as patriotic, the decedents of the real, original Americans and upholders of all that made the country great. Others did not understand America

9. The KKK provided many who felt left behind in the changing America a sense of importance, belonging, and direction (ex: “Exalted Knight”, “Grand Klavern”, etc.)

10. The Klan’s growth nationally paralleled an increase in lynchings, kidnappings, and floggings nationally

11. When Oklahoma Governor J. C
When Oklahoma Governor J.C. Walton put his state under marshal law in 1923 to combat the popularity of the KKK, he was impeached.

12. In 1925 the pro-Klan governor Ed Jackson was elected in Indiana

13. The Klan became hugely popular in the 1920s, reaching its all-time peak in membership and political power

14. Who was Marcus Garvey and what did he advocate
Who was Marcus Garvey and what did he advocate? What became of his effort?

15. NAACP membership grew, but its efforts to pass a federal anti-lynching law failed.

16. Marcus Garvey

17. Garvey founded the United Negro Improvement Association (UNIA), whose goals were part of a “pan-African movement uniting blacks

18. Garvey declared himself president of the “Empire of Africa” and promised to unite Africa militarily if necessary

19. What success did African-Americans have economically?

20. Ford was one of the first companies to integrate its assembly-line auto workers

21. In general terms, what was the Harlem Renaissance, and why did it take place?

22. Harlem in northern Manhattan

23. What music and musicians characterized the Harlem Renaissance?

24. Cotton Club

25. Duke Ellington

26. Louis Armstrong (“Satchmo”)

27. Cab Calloway

28. Ferdinand “Jelly Roll” Morton

29. Robert Johnson helped pioneer the “Blues” from Mississippi

30. Bessie Smith sang the “Blues”

31. Billie Holiday

32. Thomas A. Dorsey helped popularize gospel

33. What literature and writers characterized the Harlem Renaissance?

34. As shown in this recent encyclopedia of Harlem Renaissance writers, a number of talented writers both explored the Black condition and sought to win support for their race

35. James Weldon Johnson

37. Claude McKay

40. Jean Toomer

42. Langston Hughes

43. Zora Neale Hurston

44. What other forms of artistic achievement existed in the Harlem Renaissance?

45. Henry Ossawa Tanner

46. Tanner Painting

47. Tanner Painting