1. Biologic characteristics of long-term autogenous vein grafts: A dynamic evolution 
Thomas Reifsnyder, MD, Jonathan B. Towne, MD, Gary R. Seabrook, MD, Jean F. Blair, MD, Dennis F. Bandyk, MD 
Journal of Vascular Surgery 
Volume 17, Issue 1, Pages (January 1993)
DOI: / (93)90024-G
Copyright © 1993 Society for Vascular Surgery and International Society for Cardiovascular Surgery, North American Chapter Terms and Conditions

2. Fig. 1
A, Color duplex scan of normal saphenous vein graft. There is uniform homogenous color saturation of flow stream. B, Gray-scale image of the same segment reveals smooth luminal surface.
Journal of Vascular Surgery  , DOI: ( / (93)90024-G)
Copyright © 1993 Society for Vascular Surgery and International Society for Cardiovascular Surgery, North American Chapter Terms and Conditions

3. Fig. 2
A, Color duplex scan of saphenous vein graft with atherosclerotic wall plaque. Color pattern displays uniform velocity, but irregular vessel wall surfaces are present. B, Gray-scale of same image provides better definition of wall irregularity.
Journal of Vascular Surgery  , DOI: ( / (93)90024-G)
Copyright © 1993 Society for Vascular Surgery and International Society for Cardiovascular Surgery, North American Chapter Terms and Conditions

4. Fig. 3
A, Color duplex scan of saphenous vein graft segment containing focal high-grade stenosis. Flow jet of this stenosis is demonstrated by bright color mosaic. B, Transverse color duplex scan of aneurysmal segment of saphenous vein graft. Laminated thrombus is demonstrated between vein graft wall (marked with cursor) and blood flow column (red color signal).
Journal of Vascular Surgery  , DOI: ( / (93)90024-G)
Copyright © 1993 Society for Vascular Surgery and International Society for Cardiovascular Surgery, North American Chapter Terms and Conditions

5. Fig. 4
Arteriogram of aneurysmal vein graft. Stenotic areas and aneurysmal areas exist in same graft.
Journal of Vascular Surgery  , DOI: ( / (93)90024-G)
Copyright © 1993 Society for Vascular Surgery and International Society for Cardiovascular Surgery, North American Chapter Terms and Conditions

6. Fig. 5
A, Photomicrograph of transverse section of aneurysmal saphenous vein graft. There is adherent intraluminal thrombus (T). Wall of graft is thinned (arrow) and covers a thick atherosclerotic plaque (P). Movat technique stains elastic fibers black, easily identifying remnants of internal elastic lamina. (Movat pentachrome stain; original magnification × 20.) B, Photomicrograph (detail of A) of thin, aneurysmal vein graft wall shows disrupted elastic lamina (E), cholesterol clefts (C), and multiple foam cells (F). (Movat pentachrome stain; original magnification × 100.)
Journal of Vascular Surgery  , DOI: ( / (93)90024-G)
Copyright © 1993 Society for Vascular Surgery and International Society for Cardiovascular Surgery, North American Chapter Terms and Conditions

7. Fig. 6
A, Photomicrograph of segment of saphenous vein graft where stenosis had occurred at site of previous modification. Suture sites are present (arrows). Atherosclerotic plaque (P) and fibrotic adventicia (A) are revealed. (Movat pentachrome stain; original magnification × 20.) B, Photomicrograph (detail of A) of vessel wall at stenosis demonstrates area devoid of smooth muscle cells and collagen proliferation typical of atherosclerosis. Small interplaque hemorrhage is filled with red cells and (arrow) macrophages. There is poor replacement of elastic tissue at site of previous surgical manipulation (wide arrows). (Movat pentachrome stain; original magnification × 100.)
Journal of Vascular Surgery  , DOI: ( / (93)90024-G)
Copyright © 1993 Society for Vascular Surgery and International Society for Cardiovascular Surgery, North American Chapter Terms and Conditions