1. Profiles of Patriotism and Global Citizenship
Sam McFarland
Western Kentucky University

2. Patriotism and Global Citizenship
Quick Background: Rescuers of Jews during the Holocaust often shared Gandhi’s perspective that “All humanity is one undivided and indivisible family.” As one said, “Just like the cells in your own body altogether make up your body we are all like cells of a community that is very important. Not America; I mean the human race. And you should always be aware that every other person is basically you” (Monroe, The Heart of Altruism, 1996, p. 92). Inspired by the rescuers (and by Kristen’s work), we developed the Identification with all Humanity Scale (IWAH; McFarland, Webb & Brown, 2012).

3. Patriotism and Global Citizenship
Sample items from the 9-item IWAH: 1. How close do you feel to each of the following groups? a. People in my community b. Americans (or “People of my country”) c. All humans everywhere 2. How much do you want to be: a. a responsible citizen of your community. b. a responsible citizen of my country. c. a responsible citizen of the world.

4. Patriotism and Global Citizenship
Identification with all humanity (or global citizenship) predicts -- greater commitment to international human rights, -- greater concern for global poverty and human suffering, -- more giving to international charities, -- greater knowledge of, and attention to, global issues, -- valuing outgroup (e.g., Nigerian) and ingroup (e.g., American) lives more equally, -- increased willingness to welcome refugees, -- greater willingness to forgive outgroups for past atrocities against the ingroup. Identification with one’s nation (patriotism) often predicts less of each of these. (McFarland, 2017)

5. Patriotism and Global Citizenship
In 2009, the IWAH was posted on yourmorals.org. By 2017, 14,211 U.S. citizens and 4,367 from other countries had completed the IWAH along with many other measures. Two questions: For these huge samples, how do patriotism and global citizenship relate to personality, mental health, self-image, and ethics? How are patriotism and global citizenship predicted in structural model tests?

6. Patriotism and Global Citizenship
Personality (US): Patriotism Global Citizenship
The Big Five:
Agreeableness
Extraversion
Conscientiousness (ns)
Neuroticism (ns)
Open to experience
R2= R2=.16
(NEO Personality Inventory, Costa & McCrae, 1992)

7. Patriotism and Global Citizenship
Personality (non-US): Patriotism Global Citizenship The Big Five: Agreeableness Extraversion Conscientiousness (ns) Neuroticism (ns) Open to experience R2=.11 R2=.16

8. Patriotism and Global Citizenship
Open - Closed Mindedness Patriotism Global Citizenship Dogmatism Intolerance of Ambiguity Need for Closure Need for Cognition In summary, across five measures, patriotism is related weakly to closed-mindedness, global citizenship modestly to open-mindedness.

9. Patriotism and Global Citizenship
Collectivism-Individualism: Patriotism Global Citizenship Horizontal Individualism Horizontal Collectivism Vertical Individualism Vertical Collectivism (ns) R2=.18 R2=.21 Triandis & Gelfand (1998)

10. Patriotism and Global Citizenship
Broad Dispositions: Patriotism Global Citizenship
Authoritarianism
Social Dominance
Dispositional Empathy
Empathic concern
Perspective taking (ns)
R2= R2=.44

11. Patriotism and Global Citizenship
Mental Health: Patriotism Global Citizenship Primary Psychopathy Secondary Psychopathy Satisfaction with Life BSI Mental Health BPNS Relatedness BPNS Autonomy (ns) BPNS Competence (ns) In short, a sense of personal well-being is mildly related to patriotism, but not to global citizenship.

12. Patriotism and Global Citizenship
Ethical orientations: Patriotism Global Citizenship Relativism Idealism (Forsythe, 1980, Ethics Position Questionnaire)

13. Patriotism and Global Citizenship
Importance of Morality: Patriotism Global Citizenship Being moral Acting morally But for different reasons: Compassion Loyalty (ns) (Moral Identity Questionnaire, Aquino & Reed, 2002)

14. Patriotism and Global Citizenship
Moral Foundations: Patriotism Global Citizenship
Loyalty
Authority
Purity
Care
Fairness
R2= R2=.33
Moral Foundations Questionnaire (Graham, Haidt and Nosek, 2009)

15. Patriotism and Global Citizenship
Values (Schwartz): Patriotism Global Citizenship
Security
Conformity
Traditionalism
Power
Universalism
Benevolence
R2= R2=.42
Schwartz (1992) Value Scales

16. Patriotism and Global Citizenship
Self-reported altruism: Patriotism Global Citizenship
Helping sick children
Helping abused children
Helping overcome addictions
Promoting social justice
Alleviating global hunger
Preserving national traditions
Total Altruism

17. Patriotism and Global Citizenship
Model Predicting Patriotism and Global Citizenship (U.S.):

18. Patriotism and Global Citizenship
Model Predicting Patriotism and Global Citizenship (Non-U.S.):

19. Patriotism and Global Citizenship
Political Positions: Patriotism Global Citizenship Support for torture Increasing military spending Doing more on global warming Gun control Liberalism – Conservatism

20. Patriotism and Global Citizenship
Admired People Patriotism Global Citizenship Americans Soldiers Conservatives Police officers Rich people Upper management Virgins

21. Patriotism and Global Citizenship
Admired People Patriotism Global Citizenship Environmentalists Pacifists Liberals The ACLU Protesters Feminists Labor Unions University Professors

22. Patriotism and Global Citizenship
“___ is wrong”: Patriotism Global Citizenship Burning the American flag Same-sex marriage Homosexual relations Abortion Having baby outside marriage Casual sex Using pornography Stem-cell research Death Penalty Medical testing on animals

23. Patriotism and Global Citizenship
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