1. SOLUTIONS

2. Mixtures Heterogeneous mixtures are not uniform.
EXAMPLES: Granite, sand, cereal
Homogeneous mixtures are uniform mixtures. They have similar properties throughout the mixture.
EXAMPLES: Lemonade, Kool-aid, air, alloys

3. Types of Mixtures

4. Three Types of Mixtures:
1)Suspensions: Heterogeneous Mixtures
(Not uniform)
2)Colloids: Heterogeneous Mixtures
3)Solutions: Homogeneous Mixtures
(UNIFORM!!!!)

5. Properties of Suspensions:
EXAMPLES: muddy water, salad dressing
Particle size is large!!!!!
Settle out over time.
Can be separated by filtration.
Tyndall Effect - Scatters light.

6. Suspensions

7. Properties of Colloids
EXAMPLES: jello, fog, shaving cream,
mayonnaise, skim milk, smoke.
Medium sized particles!!!!!!
Do NOT settle over time.
Cannot be filtered.
Tyndall Effect - Scatters light.

8. Brownian Motion – the random motion of particles in a heterogeneous mixture. The Tyndall effect is caused by brownian motion.

9. The Tyndall Effect: scattering of light

10. The Tyndall Effect: scattering of light

11. Colloids

12. Properties of Solutions
EXAMPLES: salt water, soda, air,
14K gold(alloy), kool aid
Smallest sized particles!!!!!!!!
Do NOT settle.
Do NOT scatter light.
Cannot be separated by filtration.

13. Solutions

14. All solutions have 2 parts:
Solute- the substance present in lesser amount in a solution.
(Usually a solid, AKA the dissolvee)
Solvent- the substance present in greater amount in a solution.
(Usually water, AKA the dissolver)
**Water is called the “Universal Solvent”, because can dissolve more substances than any other liquid.
In iced tea, sugar is a _____ and water is the _________.

15. Structure of water

16. Polar Water Molecules attract and remove the cations and anions of a salt, this process is called solvation:

17. Solutions are all around us!
Salt water (solid / liquid)
Soda (gas / liquid)
Air (gas / gas)
Brass (solid / solid)
Gasoline (liquid / liquid)

18. Alloy- A solution where a solid metal is the solvent.
These do NOT appear on the periodic table of elements, because they are mixtures.
EXAMPLES: brass, bronze, 14K Gold, sterling silver, pewter, steel.

19. Common Alloys

20. Alloys

21. To speed up dissolution:
Dissolution(solvation)-the dissolving of a solute in a solvent.
1)Stirring or agitating the solution.
2)Heating the solution.
3)Crushing the solute into smaller pieces. (increasing the surface area)

22. 3 ways to speed up dissolving:

23. Solubility- the amount of solute that can dissolve per 100ml of solvent(water).
As Temp. Increases:
1) the solubility of most solids increases.
( _______ related)
2) the solubility of all gases decreases.