1. The Industrial Revolution
Ch. 12.1
P. 363

2. Industrial Revolution (IR)
IR- when Europe (then other parts of the world) shifted from an economy based on farming and handicrafts to an economy based on manufacturing by machines in factories
Began in Great Britain in 1780s
Spread to others countries

3. Look on p. 364
List the factors that made Great Britain a good starting place for the IR
Use context clues to help you

4. Great Britain was a good starting place because…
Agricultural
Improvements
Expansion of farmland
Good weather
Improved transportation
New crops such as the potato
This increased the food supply & more people could be fed at lower prices with less labor
Population increase
More food available feeds more people
Enclosure movement (see p. 364) forced people to move to the cities & work in factories
Ready supply of capital
Capital to invest in new machines & factories
Entrepreneurs

5. Great Britain was a good starting place because… (continued)
Natural Resources
Plentiful in Britain
Rivers provided water power & way to transport raw materials
Lots of coal & iron ore
Supply of markets
Britain had lots of colonies
British ships could transport goods anywhere in the world

6. New & Improved Industries
Cotton
Coal-The success of the steam engine increased the need for coal
Iron- New processes using coal aided the transformation of the iron industry
RR-
more efficient means of moving goods & resources developed
st steam powered locomotive
Building RRs created new jobs for farm workers & peasants
New Factories- created a new labor system

7. Industrialization Spreads
By 1850s, Britain had become the world’s first and richest industrial nation
Europe- spread to the rest of Europe at different speeds
North America
Paddle wheel steamboat RR
Many factory workers were women, especially in textile factories

8. Social Impact in Europe
The IR changed the social life of Europe & the world
Growth of population & cities
Industrial middle class- people who built factories, bought the machines, and figured out where the markets were
Industrial working class- worked long hours in factories
Early Socialism-
Definition- system in which the government owns and controls some means of production, such as factories and utilities
Pitiful conditions created by IR gave rise to socialism
Idea of intellectuals who believed in the equality of people