1. Bell Work
Your country is in the midst of a devastating famine. Thousands of people have already died of starvation. A truck carrying flour, sugar, water, and medicine is scheduled to arrive in the center of your town today. As you wait, hundreds of people from another town show up. Fights break out when people cut in line. When the truck drivers see the hostile crowd, they are afraid and consider leaving.
Suggest 2 (clean) adjectives that describe this situation.
How might you feel if you were in this situation?
What types of people or groups might “do well” in an environment like this?
How might this situation have been prevented or controlled?

2. In Lak’ech by Luis Valdez
Tu eres me otro yo Si te hago daño a ti, Me hago daño a mi mismo Si te amo y respeto Me amo y respeto yo
You are my other me If I do harm to you, I do harm to myself If I love and respect you I love and respect myself

3. Bell Work
Your country is in the midst of a devastating famine. Thousands of people have already died of starvation. A truck carrying flour, sugar, water, and medicine is scheduled to arrive in the center of your town today. As you wait, hundreds of people from another townh show up. Fights break out when people cut in line. When the truck drivers see the hostile crowd, they are afraid and consider leaving.
Suggest 2 (clean) adjectives that describe this situation.
How might you feel if you were in this situation?
What types of people or groups might “do well” in an environment like this?
How might this situation have been prevented or controlled?

4. The Functions of Government
Government is an institution in which leaders use power to make and enforce laws.
Governments set priorities and make decisions, and they maintain order by enforcing laws.
Governments provide public services and promote public health and safety.
Governments provide national security to protect the people against external threats.
Governments protect the economic security of their people and may provide assistance to those in need.

5. Nation, State, and Country
A nation is a large group of people united by common bonds of race, language, custom, or religion.
A state and a country are both political communities that occupy a definite territory and have an organized government.
A state has sovereignty, which means that its government makes and enforces its own laws.
States in today’s political world share four essential features: population, territory, sovereignty, and government.

6. Essential Features of a State

7. Origins of the State
Evolutionary theory suggests that the idea of state evolved from the structure of ancient family groups.
According to force theory, states emerged when people needed to cooperate to survive and one person or a group took control.
The divine right theory refers to rulers who proclaimed that their right to rule comes from God alone.
Thomas Hobbes developed the social contract theory, in which people gave up their freedom to the state in return for order and security.

8. Enlightenment Thinkers Activity
Read backgrounds and ideas of the 4 selected philosophers
Complete the table by matching the Enlightenment thinkers names, ideas and books (see the Thomas Paine example on the table
Write down the person who influenced each document and underline the part of the passage that helped you identify who influenced it
Extra Credit
Create a bumper sticker for one of the Enlightenment thinkers.

9. Section Review

10. The rules that governments make for their citizens to follow are called
 A.bills.
 B.laws.
 C.injunctions.
 D.contracts.

11. Which of the following is performed almost exclusively by the federal government (as opposed to state or local governments)?
 A.education
 B.health care
 C.transportation
 D.national security

12. Governments provide a way for individuals to resolve their conflicts with each other throughNeed a Hint? A.elections. B.national security. C.a shared culture. D.a court system.

13. A nation exists when
 A.a group of people writes a constitution.
 B.a large number of people consider themselves united by a common bond.
 C.a group of leaders declares sovereignty.
 D.a group of leaders decides to unite a people.

14. An example of a government promoting economic stability is when a government A.enforces contracts. B.provides health care. C.declares holidays. D.wages war.

15. States share four essential features: population, territory, sovereignty, and
 A.wealth.
 B.government.
 C.language.
 D.culture.

16. An individual who believes that a leader's right to rule comes from God is a believer in which theory of government?
 A.social contract theory
 B.force theory
 C.divine right theory
 D.evolutionary theory

17. Governments provide social and economic services to their citizens
 A.in varying degrees.
 B.without exception.
 C.very rarely.
 D.only when necessary.

18. The force theory explains the origin of governments as coming from
 A.the use of persuasion.
 B.the influence of family structures.
 C.the use of violence.
 D.the power of laws.

19. In a social contract, people give up certain freedoms in exchange for
 A.wealth and security.
 B.education and health.
 C.order and security.
 D.jobs and health.

20. Why and how were governments created?
Reflection
Why and how were governments created?