1. The Jews in the Mediterranean World
Chapter 8.4

2. The Arrival of Greek Rule
Jews of Judah were under Persian for 200 years
In 331 B.C. Alexander the Great defeated the Persians
Introduced Greek language to Judah
Allowed the Jews to stay in Judah

3. How Did Jewish Ideas Spread
Groups of Jews living outside of the Jewish homeland became known as the Diaspora
Diaspora is a Greek word that means ”scattered”
Jews of Diaspora were loyal to Judaism
Copied the Hebrew Bible into Greek called the Septuagint

4. The Revolt of the Maccabeus
Seleucid kings ruled Judah Required the Jews to worship Greek gods
Judas Maccabeus led a revolt
Formed a rebel army known as the Maccabees
Maccabees captured the Temple
Cleared it of Greek Gods
Jews celebrate the cleansing of the Temple when they celebrate Hanukkah

5. Roman Rule in Judaea Romans controlled eastern Mediterranean lands
Rome conquered Judah and renamed it Judaea
Jews rebuilt the Second Temple during the rule of Herod

6. Jewish Groups Pharisees-Stressed written and oral law
Wanted Judaea free of Roman rule
Sadducees- Stressed applying the laws to temple ceremonies
Wanted to cooperate with the Romans
Essenes-priests who broke away from the Temple in Jerusalem
Prayed for God to deliver them from Roman rule
Zealots- lived in Judaea
Wanted to fight for their freedom against the Romans

7. Dead Sea Scrolls Discovered in 1947 Found in a cave
Helped historians understand Judaism during Roman times

8. Jewish-Roman Wars In A.D. 66 Zealots revolted
Overpowered Roman army in Jerusalem
Four years later Romans retook city
Roman destroyed the Second Temple
The Western Wall of the Temple still stands today
Jews come to this wall to pray

9. Palestine Romans imposed stricter controls
Did not allow Jews to live in or visit Jerusalem
Romans renamed Judaea and called it Palestine

10. The Rabbis Jews regrouped with help of Rabbis
Rabbis or religious leader
Rabbis taught the Torah
Provided moral guidance