1. Bacteria Characteristics
2/27/19

2. The Good, the Bad, and the Ugly
Bacteria

3. Characteristics of Bacteria
Bacteria are prokaryotic cells
PRO means NO nucleus
Bacteria are living particles

4. Bacterial Shapes Bacteria can be found in 3 different shapes
Cocci – kinda like Cocca Puffs
Spirilla – spiral or worm looking
Bacilli – pill shaped 

5. Bacterial Structure
Bacteria adheres to a surface by using the cilia (hair like structures) on its surface.
Adhere – to stick to a surface

6. Bacteria Reproduction
Bacteria reproduces through a process called binary fission
Binary fission is when a bacteria divides itself in half asexually, creating a clone of itself

7. Bacterial Reproduction
Bacteria can also reproduce through a process called conjugation
Bacterial conjugation is the transfer of genetic material between bacterial cells by direct cell-to-cell contact or by a bridge-like connection between two cells.

8. How Bacteria Obtain Energy
Photosynthesizers—obtain energy from sunlight, CO2 and H2O
Also known as autotrophs
Chemoautotrophs—obtain energy by removing electrons from inorganic and organic molecules such as NH3, H2S, CH4
Heterotrophs—obtain energy by absorption or infection of other organisms

9. Pathogenic Bacteria
Pathogens—virus, bacteria, or other microorganism that causes disease
Heterotrophic pathogens metabolize the nutrients in their host organisms; this causes you to become ill
Bacterial pathogens secrete toxins that are harmful to eukaryotic cells (ex. Food poisoning from Salmonella and Botulism)

10. Pathogenic Bacteria--Examples

11. Antibiotic Resistance
Antibiotics are used to destroy bacteria, not viruses
Mutations occur in bacteria spontaneously
Some mutations result in resistance to antibiotics
Misuse of antibiotics can lead to resistance
Overusing
not taking full course of treatment

12. Are all bacteria bad?

13. Examples of good bacteria
Processing foods—yogurt, pickles, cheese, sourdough bread, buttermilk, etc.
Producing chemicals—BOTOX, etc.
Medicines—producing insulin with E. coli
Mining—production of pure grade ores
Bioremediation—cleaning up oil spills
Decomposers of dead organisms in the environment
Bacteria found in your intestines that aid in digestion