1. When the war became global & the stalemate continued.
The Widening War,
When the war became global & the stalemate continued.

2. The Global War
1. After the initial fighting of 1914, witnessed the European war become the 1st true world war as it was…
Fought in Africa, Asia, the Atlantic, & the Pacific.
Particularly in Asia & Africa, the war focused on taking German colonies.
Colonies in Africa were taken by Britain & France.
Colonies in Asia were taken by Japan.
Many colonial would also join the war willingly. Why would they fight for their colonial rulers? Thought it might bring their people freedom.

3. Widening the European War
1. Throughout 1915, other nations joined the European war:
Allied Powers of Britain (U.K.), Serbia, France, Belgium, & Russia were joined by…
Italy, Portugal, Greece, Romania, & Allied colonies.
Central Powers of Germany & Austria-Hungary were joined by…
Bulgaria & the Ottoman Empire.
The U.S.A. remained neutral.

4. Widening the European War
2. Despite more allies, each of the new battlefronts became a stalemate.
Italians & Austrians fought to a draw.
Serbians & Austrians fought to a draw.
Romanians, Greeks, & Serbians fought the Ottomans to a draw.

5. Widening the European War
3. In order to break some of the stalemates, Britain decided to launch a massive attack called the Gallipoli Campaign (April Jan. 1916).
This attack was targeted against the Ottomans.

6. Widening the European War
The main goal of the Gallipoli Campaign was to…
Knock the Ottomans out of the war.
By doing so, Russia could get supplies & weapons to fight Germany.
If unsuccessful, Russia would be defeated or face a revolution.
Russia was isolated from the other Allied Powers & was losing to Germany in the Eastern Front in spectacular fashion.

7. Widening the European War
4. Results of Gallipoli Campaign:
Britain lost.
Russia fought Germany w/o help.
Russian defeats continued into 1917 until revolution ended its role in the war.
Southeast Europe remained a stalemate.

8. Widening the European War
5. The Atlantic Front (Oct Nov ) was fought by…
Britain vs. Germany.
It was fought for control of supply routes.
Great Britain blockaded German ports & caused starvation in Germany.
Germany, in turn, wanted to starve Britain.
Problem was Great Britain had hundreds of ports so Germany thought of a new plan.

9. Widening the European War
Germany used submarines to destroy supply ships heading to Britain.
Their policy was called unrestricted submarine warfare.
Attacking any ship traveling to Britain if caught w/ weapons.

10. Widening the European War
6. The main problem with this plan was if German U-Boats sunk ships from a neutral country.
What country would this affect most? USA.
If Germany continued this policy, then what is the only response left for the U.S.? War.
Grey area represents German ports blockaded by Britain.

11. The Stalemate Continues (1915-1917)
1. After the failures of the 1914, Allied & Central Powers regrouped for Both sides’ goal being…
Break the stalemate on the Western Front.
This would contribute to the brutality of the war.
The Allies would be the first to attempt this goal at the 2nd Battle of Ypres (April 1915). This involved:
France, Britain, Canada, Portugal, & Belgium vs. Germany.

12. The Stalemate Continues (1915-1917)
Significance of the 2nd Battle of Ypres:
Outcome indecisive
Stalemate continued.
Allied Casualties: 80,000.
German Casualties: 35,000.
Fighting stopped until 1916.
This would be the bloodiest year of the war.

13. The Stalemate Continues (1915-1917)
2. Germany would again be the 1st to try to break the deadlock in 1916 at the Battle of Verdun (Feb.-Dec. 1916). This was fought by…
France vs. Germany.
Germany’s Goals at Verdun:
“Bleed France white”.
This was called war of attrition: killing as many of the enemy as possible.
Capture Verdun.
Symbol of French nationalism & prestige.
Why would capturing Verdun be important? Might knock France out of the war.

14. The Stalemate Continues (1915-1917)

15. The Stalemate Continues (1915-1917)
Significance of Verdun:
Outcome indecisive.
Stalemate continued.
French casualties: 378,000 wounded, 163,000 dead.
German casualties: 337,000 wounded, 140,000 dead.
Let’s watch a quick video clip!
The true numbers of death & wounded will never be known.

16. The Stalemate Continues (1915-1917)
3. The British decided to launch a major offensive in 1916 called the Battle of the Somme (July-Nov. 1916). This involved the…
Britain, France, Canada, Australia, Belgium, & South Africa vs. Germany.
Goals of the Somme:
Break through the German trenches.
Draw German soldiers away from Verdun.

17. The Stalemate Continues (1915-1917)
Significance of the Somme:
Outcome indecisive.
Stalemate continued.
Allies only gained 2 miles, 57 casualties for every foot gained.
Ended major fighting until July 1917.
Allied casualties: 620,000.
German casualties: 660,000.
Push the Western Front 2 miles east. Notice the difference?

18. The Stalemate Continues (1915-1917)
4. The last major offensive for the Allies until the entrance of the U.S. into the war came at the 3rd Battle of Ypres (July-Nov. 1917). This involved…
Britain, France, Australia, Canada, Belgium, New Zealand, South Africa, & Portugal vs. Germany.
Goal of 3rd Ypres:
Take German ports supplying submarines.
German unrestricted submarine warfare was sinking thousands of tons of supplies each month coming to Britain.

19. The Stalemate Continues (1915-1917)
Significance of 3rd Ypres:
Outcome indecisive.
Stalemate continued.
Allied casualties: 500,000.
German casualties: 348,000.
Britain started planting underwater mines near German ports.
Germany increased submarine attacks near Britain.
The French army mutinied & refused to fight.
Russia withdrew from the war in late 1917 due to a revolution.

20. Front Lines in Europe by 1917

21. When will the war end?
The entire world war has grown into a stalemate with neither side preparing for any large offensives. This would change in when…
The U.S. entered the war in April 1917 for the Allies.
Submarine attacks & a secret telegraph that asked Mexico to attack the U.S. led to war.
This was called the Zimmermann Note.
Let’s watch a movie about the final days of WWI!
Germany’s last hope rested on ending the war before too many U.S. troops made it to France.