1. Anaphylactoid reactions to protamine: An often lethal complication in insulin-dependent diabetic patients undergoing vascular surgery 
Sushil K. Gupta, MD, Frank J. Veith, MD, Enrico Ascer, MD, Kurt R. Wengerter, MD, Charles Franco, MD, David Amar, MD, El-Sayed El- Gaweet, MD, Asha Gupta, MD 
Journal of Vascular Surgery 
Volume 9, Issue 2, Pages (February 1989)
DOI: / (89)
Copyright © 1989 Society for Vascular Surgery and the North American Chapter, International Society for Cardiovascular Surgery Terms and Conditions

2. Fig. 1
IgE antibodies are bound to the mast cell by a specific receptor. This figure shows cross-linking of IgE antibodies by the antigen causing the release of granules containing mediators.
Journal of Vascular Surgery 1989 9, DOI: ( / (89) )
Copyright © 1989 Society for Vascular Surgery and the North American Chapter, International Society for Cardiovascular Surgery Terms and Conditions

3. Fig. 2
Antigen-antibody complex activating the classic complement pathway release of C3a and C5a, which are potent anaphylatoxins.
Journal of Vascular Surgery 1989 9, DOI: ( / (89) )
Copyright © 1989 Society for Vascular Surgery and the North American Chapter, International Society for Cardiovascular Surgery Terms and Conditions