1. 1) What is a referencing style?
2) Why do we need to make a list of references?
3) What is the difference between the reference list and bibliography?
4) What referencing styles do you know?
5) What subject areas do they refer to?

2. ACADEMIC INTEGRITY AND how TO AVOID PLAGIARISM
November, 26
2018

3. Task 1: Watch the video episode about plagiarism
1) What is plagiarism?
2) What consequence might one have in the case of plagiarism?

4. (TO INCORPORATE IDEAS OF OTHER AUTHORS )
THREE METHODS
(TO INCORPORATE IDEAS OF OTHER AUTHORS )
1. QUOTING
2. PARAPHRASING
3. SUMMARIZING
What do you think it means?

5. Answer
Quoting: copying the source information word for word
Paraphrasing: putting the source information into other words and phrases
Summarizing: creating a shorter version of the source information

6. Quoting
A quotation can be a full sentence, a part of a sentence, or several sentences
#When gathering demographic data it is important to remember that “only relevant types of demographic information should be requested” (Lazar, 2006, p. 52).
Is it a full sentence, a part of it, or several sentences joined together?

7. Any quotation needs to be integrated into your text.
!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
Any quotation needs to be integrated into your text.
It should never stand alone.
Comment on the quotation by linking it with the paragraph:
The first sentence - a general statement about the problem;
The final sentence – connection of the quotation back to the topic.

8. Any quotation needs to be integrated into your text.
!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
Any quotation needs to be integrated into your text.
It should never stand alone.
Quotation: “Such … change cannot help but have a fundamental, permanent effect upon the world's industries and the people who work in them ” (Davidow & Malone, 1992, p. 2).
In the essay:
The information age is a significant technological force, and “such … change cannot help but have a fundamental, permanent effect upon the world's industries and the people who work in them” (Davidow & Malone, 1992, p. 2). This suggests that if businesses fail to recognize the impact of this technological change, they may be left behind.

9. (by using other words or grammar constructions
Paraphrasing
Reorder or Restate
(by using other words or grammar constructions
1. Paste a photocopy of the passage and underline the author's main points. 
2. List some key ideas, and phrases from the passage. 
3. Where possible, write down alternative phrases / synonyms for each idea.
4. Rewrite, using those alternative words and phrases. 
5. If it is possible, simplify further and insert the name of the author.

10. 1. Write down or paste a photocopy of the passage
1. Write down or paste a photocopy of the passage. Underline the author's main points. 
“Marriage was a greater influence on the course of many of the women’s lives than choice of job or career, or even family background. Yet few women talked about choosing to get married in the same way they talked about career choices. Relationships are generally believed to belong to the realm of emotion, and ‘we fell in love’ or ‘then I got married’ suffices. The decision to marry is not usually something to be analysed or explained, nor is the choice of a particular man. Indeed, both getting married and marrying a particular man often appeared to be inevitabilities rather than choices. Women did talk about how they met their future husbands, however” (Park, 1991, p. 113).

11. 2. List some key ideas, concepts, and phrases from the passage. 
marriage, getting married
marriage was a great influence
decision to marry
not usually something to be analysed or explained
getting married and marrying a particular man often appeared to be inevitabilities rather than choices

12. 3. Where possible, wirte down alternative phrases or synonyms
selecting a life partner
significant impact, influential factor
choice, marriage options, choice of partner
typically not talked about, not a topic of discussion
the process of marriage and choice of partner were more a matter of course, something inevitable, compared to individual choice

13. 4. Rewrite, using those alternative words and phrases. 
Selecting a life partner was an influential factor in the women's lives. This was more so than other factors. Yet, at the same time, marriage options, including choice of partner, were typically not a topic of discussion for most women. Few women actually discussed the subject. Indeed, the process of marriage and choice of partner were more a matter of course, something inevitable, compared to individual choice.

14. 5. If you can you simplify further and Insert the name of the author?
Although marriage impacted the women's lives significantly, it was not a decision that was analysed. Indeed, it was more a matter of course than individual choice.
Park's (1991) interviews with women showed that although marriage impacted women's lives significantly, it was not typically a decision that was analysed. Few women discussed the topic of marriage, including choice of partner. Rather, marriage was seen as more a matter of course than individual choice.

15. Summarising
Do it by simplifying the ideas or using a different sentence structure or sentence order
Identify some keywords and link these with other words to create a different combination.
Be selective about the specific ideas you choose and skip others that aren’t useful
Reorder the ideas in your own framework.
You can sometimes include several authors making similar points in one sentence, summarizing them all together

16. How would you summarize it?
Example of a summary 
“Children spend a very large proportion of their daily lives in school. They go there to learn, not only in a narrow academic sense, but in the widest possible interpretation of the word – about themselves, about being a person within a group of others, about the community in which they live, and about the world around them. Schools provide the setting in which such learning takes place” (Leyden, 1985, p. 38).
How would you summarize it?

17. Task 2: Watch the video about quoting, summary and paraphrase and decide which of the sentences are true or false according to the video.
Use paraphrase, when you need each piece of information in the original source
Use summaries when you need to convey every piece of information in the original text
Use a quote when the original text makes a point (объясняет положение дел) in a very original or memorable way.

18. Task 3: Work in groups of three or four.
Write your 2 true and 2 false sentences on the topic (author integrity or how to avoid plagiarism).

19. Useful phrases to be used in citing a reference:
!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
Useful phrases to be used in citing a reference:
such phrases like “according to” or ”states that“:
According to Vaughan and Hogg (1995), “social psychologists …” (p. 2).
Vaughan and Hogg (1995) state that “social psychologists …” (p. 2).

20. agrees
explores
refers to
asserts
focuses on
responds
believes
goes further
reports
claims
holds that
says
comments
insists
shows
concedes that
identifies
states
challenges
is clear that
suggests
concludes
maintains
summarizes
compares
notes
touches on
defines
observes
writes that
describes
points out
examines
points to
explains
prefers

21. Task 4: Do the exercise and make a list of neutral and not neutral reporting verbs (which express particularly strong or weak opinion of the writer).
5/session-4/activity-2

22. Task 5:
Quote (Author’s name, year, quotation marks, linking sentences that go before and after )
Author - M. J. Klein
Book title- Burning issues of Global warming
Year of publishing -2014
Original text – “renewable energy is cheaper than fossil fuel”
Paraphrase (Reorder or restate) and Summarize (select key ideas and omit unuseful ones)
 Original text from page 8 of 'The Weather Makers' by Tim Flannery (2005):
One of the biggest obstacles to making a start on climate change is that it has become a cliché before it has even been understood. What we need now is good information and careful thinking, because in the years to come, this issue will dwarf (уменьшать) all the others. It will become the only issue