1. Land Acquisitions during Manifest Destiny

2. Texas wins Independence
Newly independent Mexico welcomed American settlers to Texas in hopes of establishing trade.
Mexicans began to feel that Texans showed no loyalty to Mexico
Texas declares their independence in 1836 and has a series of battles with Mexico
Texas wins independence and becomes the “Lone Star Republic”
Texas was then annexed by the US in 1845.

3. Polk adds Oregon Both US and England wanted Oregon Territory
Polk strikes a compromise with England in which the border between the US and Canada is set at 49o latitude.

4. Mexican-American War
After annexing Texas, the US felt the Mexican border was at the Rio Grande River while Mexico felt it was at the Nueces River (30 mile difference)
After the US captured Mexico City (Mexican capitol), Mexico was forced to surrender in the Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo.
Mexico was forced to cede what is now the entire southwestern United States (CA, AZ, NM, NV, UT)
This opened the debate over how these states would enter the union…free…or slave?

5. What’s Missing?

6. Gadsden Purchase
US wanted to build a direct railroad line from Texas to California.
Purchased land from Mexico for $10 million
Purchase fulfills promise of Manifest Destiny

7. Causes of the American Civil War

8. Compromise of 1850 California admitted as a free state.
New Mexico & Utah allow slavery
Fugitive Slave Laws passed

9. Compromise of 1850

10. Harriet Beecher Stowe (1811 – 1896)
So this is the lady who started the Civil War Abraham Lincoln

11. 1852 Presidential Election
Franklin Pierce Gen. Winfield Scott John Parker Hale Democrat Whig Free Soil

12. 1852 Election Results
Election of 1856

13. Kansas-Nebraska Act
Repeals Missouri Compromise Sets up principle of popular sovereignty (people decide for/against slavery)
Forms republican party
of 1820

14. Kansas-Nebraska Act, 1854

15. “The Crime Against Kansas”
Sen. Charles Sumner (R-MA)
Congr. Preston Brooks (D-SC)

16. 1856 Presidential Election
James Buchanan John C. Frémont Millard Fillmore Democrat Republican Whig

17. 1856 Election Results
Election of 1852

18. Dred Scott v. Sanford, 1857

19. Dred Scott Court Case
Runaway slave, returned to his master.
Richard Taney decides that African Americans can NEVER be citizens.
Congress could not prohibit slavery in territories.

20. John Brown’s Raid on Harper’s Ferry, 1859

21. John Brown’s Raid on Harpers Ferry
John Brown led a small group in a raid against a federal arsenal in 1859.
His plan was to steal weapons and lead a slave uprising.
He was unsuccessful and was executed for treason.
How was he viewed in the North & South?

22. 1860 Presidential Election
Abraham Lincoln Republican
John Bell Constitutional Union
1860 Presidential Election
John C. Breckinridge Southern Democrat
Stephen A. Douglas Northern Democrat

23. Republican Party Platform in 1860
Non-extension of slavery [for the Free-Soilers.]
Protective tariff [for the Northern Industrialists].
Government aid to build a Pacific RR [for the Northwest].
Internal improvements [for the West] at federal expense.
Free homesteads for the public domain [for farmers].

24. 1860 Election: A Nation Coming Apart?!

25. 1860
Election
Results

26. Secession!: SC Dec. 20, 1860

27. The Civil War Had Begun!!
Fort Sumter: April 12, 1861