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The Impending War Crises and Secession 1850-1860.

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Presentation on theme: "The Impending War Crises and Secession 1850-1860."— Presentation transcript:

1 The Impending War Crises and Secession

2 After the Mexican War The 1850s saw numerous crises that eventually tore the nation apart The land acquired from the Mexican War led to further problems in the US Slavery in the new territories and states? What were the borders of these new territories and states?

3 Arguments Free Soil No slavery in the new lands. Popular Sovereignty
Open elections in the new territories to decide if slavery would be allowed Extend Missouri Compromise (Mason-Dixon Line)

4 Compromise of 1850 Another mutually disliked compromise
Henry Clay, the “Great Compromiser” Stephen Douglas (Sen., Illinois) Compromise of 1850 1. California entered as a Free State 2. New Mexico and Utah Territories would be open to Popular Sovereignty 3. Current boundaries to Texas established in exchange for $10 million to pay off state debt 4. Outlawed slave TRADE in Washington D.C. 5. Stricter Fugitive Slave Law

5 Fugitive Slave Law Runaway slaves had to be returned (including those that escaped years earlier) Became illegal to aid runaways Runaway slaves had no jury trial. Judge decided fate. Impact? Led to greater division between North and South Slavery was not just a Southern issue, but a national one

6 Working on a Railroad

7 Kansas-Nebraska Act, 1854 Stephen Douglas (Dem.) Kansas-Nebraska Act
Created the Kansas and Nebraska Territories Repealed the Missouri Compromise Popular Sovereignty to determine slavery in the territories Impact Angered Northern abolitionists Destroyed the Whig Party Led to a “mini-Civil War” in Kansas

8 Kansas & Nebraska Territories

9 Bleeding Kansas, Pro-Slavery and Free Soilers hurried to Kansas to vote on slavery Fraudulent election in Voted for slavery to exist. Fighting between pro-slavery advocates and Free Soilers in 1856 Preston Brooks beating Charles Sumner on the Senate floor, 1856

10 Bleeding Kansas, cont. By 1856 full-scale violence broke out in Kansas
Pottawatomi Creek & John Brown Pres. Franklin Pierce recognized the pro-slavery government, but violence in Kansas continued through the Civil War

11 Dred Scott Decision, 1857 Impact
Dred Scott – A Missouri slave. His owner moved to Wisconsin Territory (slavery illegal), then to Louisiana Scott sued for his freedom, saying his time living in Free Territories made him free Dred Scott Decision Supreme Court ruled (7-2) that Scott remained a slave. Chief Justice Roger Taney, majority decision Blacks (FREE or SLAVE) were not citizens and had no citizenship rights Congress could not ban slavery ANYWHERE (nullified the Missouri Compromise even though it had been repealed) Impact Angered North and validated Southern beliefs Abolitionists worried that slavery would expand into additional territories Slavery was NOT just a Southern problem

12 Republican Party Founded in 1854
United some members of the recently defunct Whig Party & Free Soilers Almost exclusively Northern Platform Manufacturing Expanding Railroads No slavery in the new Territories Did NOT advocate the abolition of slavery (though many abolitionists were members) Lincoln/Douglas Debates, 1858

13 John Brown & Harper’s Ferry, 1859
John Brown returns Wanted to start a slave revolt in the US. Seized a federal arsenal at Harper’s Ferry No massive slave revolt occurred Robert E. Lee John Brown hanged for treason, Dec. 2, 1859 Impact Many in the North viewed Brown as a martyr. “Righteous cause.” South armed itself against further abolitionist revolts. Sectional divide had turned violent again. Plans for Southern secession began in earnest (though they were not implemented, yet…)

14 Election of 1860 John Breckinridge, Stephen Douglas, Southern Dem.
Northern Dem. John Bell, Constitutional Union Party Abraham Lincoln, Republican

15 Election of 1860, cont.

16 Secession Seven Southern states seceded before Lincoln’s inauguration
South Carolina first (Dec. 20, 1860), then Mississippi, Florida, Alabama, Georgia, Louisiana, & Texas Created the Confederate States of America, Feb. 4, 1861. Virginia, North Carolina, Tennessee, and Arkansas seceded and joined the CSA after Ft. Sumter. Missouri, Delaware, Maryland, Kentucky, (and West Virginia*) were slaves states that did NOT secede.

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