1. Reform Movements of the 1800s

2. Public Education
Why: Only wealthy children received an education, but as of 1826, white men from all social classes could vote
Goal/Purpose: provide free education to ensure all citizens were educated and could make informed decisions
Leader: Horace Mann

3. Abolitionism
Why: Northern abolitionists saw slavery as an evil and as immoral. They believed that anyone who owned slaves would go to hell.
Goal/Purpose: end slavery
Leaders: Frederick Douglass, William Lloyd Garrison, Grimke Sisters (Sarah and Angela), Sojourner Truth, Harriet Tubman
The Grimke Sisters and Sojourner Truth were also a part of the Women’s Rights movement!

4. Women’s Rights
Why: women did not have the same rights as men (divorce, property ownership, voting, etc.)
Goal/Purpose: give women more equal rights
Leader: Elizabeth Cady Stanton (leader at the Seneca Falls Convention)
Women and men met in 1848 to discuss women’s rights at the Seneca Falls Convention in New York.

5. The Cult of Domesticity
Why: women were leaving the home to work in factories and asking for more rights
Basic Belief: A woman’s place (“sphere of influence”) was in the home as a wife or mother
“Domestic”= home
Leaders: protestant men and women
Gained momentum again in the 1950s

6. Eventually led to Prohibition in the 1920s
Temperance Movement
Why: people were drinking more alcohol, men were becoming more abusive when drinking, men were wasting family’s $ on alcohol
Goal/Main Objective: get people to drink less alcohol
Leaders: white protestant women
Eventually led to Prohibition in the 1920s