1. NOTES: WATER in the AIR (11.3)
Physical and Earth Science

2. Several things in the atmosphere make us feel warm . . .
The radiation from the sun
The radiation reflected back up from the ground
The CO2 in the air traps heat from the sun.
The amount of WATER VAPOR in the air has the most influence on warmth and daily weather It transfers heat to your skin so you can feel it, and prevents the air from heating up or cooling down too rapidly.

3. Water and Air are both FLUIDS
Water is denser than air, so it has more collisions with other molecules in the atmosphere, and also your skin!
Water vapor in the air is HUMIDITY. The more humid it is, the amount of heat you feel will be exaggerated.
(you feel hotter,
sticky, curly hair,
like you can’t dry
off)

4. Relative Humidity THE AIR USUALLY HAS 0.5 – 4% WATER VAPOR IN IT
Relative humidity is the % of water vapor
in the air NOW compared to what the air COULD hold

5. Let’s say you’re making lemonade
Let’s say you’re making lemonade. The pitcher is the “atmosphere”, and the Lemonade is the “water vapor” in it. What is the “relative humidity” of this pitcher?
90 oz
68 oz

6. Warm air can hold more water vapor compared to cold air!!!!
WHY?

7. Even though humidity makes humans uncomfortable, it adds beauty to a climate. . .

8. An instrument used to measure humidity is called a psychrometer.
There is a wet and
Dry thermometer that
Are spun around.
The difference
Between them after the wet
One dries indicates
humidity.

10. CLOUDS form from Water Vapor in the air. . . .
There needs to be a “seed” (CONDENSATION
NUCLEI) like dust, dirt, pollen, etc.
Water vapor molecules need to gather close together and clump on the nuclei
( COALESCE )
It needs to be cold enough for water to turn from gas form to a liquid form, and become droplets (CONDENSATION)
Heat energy from the water vapor needs to be released for this to happen (LATENT HEAT)

11. What is “dew” ?
Water droplets that are formed overnight because the air got cold enough for CONDENSATION to occur The temperature when that happens is called DEW POINT.

12. Three Ways Clouds Form
1. Convection – warm moist air rises, cools and condenses. Energy is released during condensation.

13. 2) Orthographic Lifting – Warm moist air is forced up when the wind hits a mountain – Clouds form.

14. 3) FRONTS. Clouds form when air masses of different temperatures collide. The warm air is forced up and cools underneath, causing water vapor to condense… clouds form.

15. Why do you only see clouds mostly in the troposphere?
CLOUDS NEED:
A source of rising warm air
A place for that air to cool down
Dirt
Water vapor

16. Types of Clouds
Clouds are classified according to the height at which they form and their shape
Height (prefix)
Shape (prefix) and Latin meaning
Cirro – high clouds
Cirrus “hair” – wispy, stringy clouds
Alto – middle clouds
Cumulus “pile or heap” – puffy clouds
Strato – low clouds
Stratus “layer” – flat, blanket like clouds
Nimbus “cloud” – low grey rain clouds

17. Other easy cloud patterns to spot: . .
“ANVIL” – thundercloud formation
“STREAKS” – rain off in the distance

18. The water cycle is showing the movement of water on earth from energy being absorbed or released