1. Groups of Elements

2. Group 1 – The Alkali metals
Demonstyration of the reactions of sodium, potassium and lithium with eater

3. Group 1 – The Alkali Metals
1. They are all shiny metals which are easily cut with a knife.
2. They all have 1 valence electron
3. They are all extremely reactive and have to be stored in oil to prevent them from reacting with the oxygen in the air.

4. Demonstration – The reaction of the alkali metals with water
1 – The reaction of lithium with water
2 – The reaction of sodium with water
3 – The reaction of potassium with water

5. Group 2 – The earth alkali metals
Includes the following elements:
Beryllium (Be)
Magnesium (Mg)
Calcium (Ca) and others!
They are all metals
All of the elements in group one have two electrons in their outermost shell!
They are reactive- They have a tendency when reacting with outer elements to lose these outer electrons and form ionic compounds
They react less vigorously with water to produce hydrogen

6. Group 2 – The Alkaline Earth Metals
1. They all have 2 electrons in their outer shell
2. They are reactive but not as reactive as the alkali metals

7. Groups 3 -11 The d block metals
Includes the following elements:
Scandium (Sc)
Titanium (Ti)
Vanadium (V)
Chromium (Cr)
Manganese (Mn)
Iron (Fe)
Cobalt (Co)
Nickel (Ni)
Copper (Co)
Zinc (Zn) and others!
First row from scandium to zinc are called the d block elements
A transition element metal is one which forms at least one ion with a partially filled d sublevel
group 12 are not transition metals
They are all metals and are usually brightly colored and act as catalysts for chemical reactions

8. Group 13 All have 3 electrons on their outermost shell!
Chemically boron is electron-deficient, possessing a vacant p-orbital. It is an electrophile. Compounds of boron often behave as Lewis acids, readily bonding with electron-rich substances to compensate for boron's electron deficiency. The reactions of boron are dominated by such requirement for electrons. Also, boron is the least electronegative non-metal, meaning that it is usually oxidized (loses electrons) in reactions.
All have 3 electrons on their outermost shell!

9. Group 14

10. Group 15

11. Group 16 All have 6 electrons on their outermost shell!
All of the group are metals except for Polonium which is a metal

12. Group 17 - The Halogens Non metals 7 electrons in their valence shell
Very reactive - They have a tendency when reacting with outer compounds to gain one electron

13. Group 17 - The Halogens
Chlorine gas
Bromine
iodine

14. Group 18 - The Noble gases non metals
8 valence electrons- which makes them chemically stable
Odorless and colorless gases
Unreactive
Called inert gases in the 1800s as it was thought that they didn’t react with other elements at all

15. Group 18 - The Noble gases Helium gas Chemically aloof
Neon - A colorless, inert noble gas under standard conditions, neon gives a distinct reddish glow when used in vacuum discharge tubes and neon lamps

16. The odd one out.. Hydrogen