1. Biologically Based Networks

2. Why? Modeling of brain function
Model of very distributed parallel systems
Existence proof for AI

3. William H. Calvin University of Washington in Seattle
‘The Cerebral Code”
“Lingua Ex Machina”

4. Brain Operation as Darwinian
Requires a complex pattern
Pattern must be copied
Variant patterns by chance
Pattern and variant compete
Competition based on multi faceted environment
Most successful patterns survive

5. Structure Cortex is 6 layers A mosaic of hexagons
Top three are internal
Middle in input
Bottom two area output
A mosaic of hexagons
Lots of feedback
Can excite surrounding hexs

6. Language Language develops from a proto language
Full language is structured into clauses and phrases
Brains don’t do syntax!
Parsing is by thematic roles
7 plus or minus 2

7. Igor Aleksander “Impossible Minds, My neurons, My consciousness”
“Seeing is believing: Depictive Neuromodeling of Visual Awareness”

8. Igor Aleksander WISARD and MAGNUS Visual input by arrays of sensors
Neural systems viewed as having a state transition form
Iconic States
Iconic states is the brain state upon perceiving an object

9. Input Z drives learning
Atrophies in time

10. Build a simple creature

15. Magnus

17. Vision Mechanisms
Superior Colliculus – eye movement has direct input from the retina
Vision path goes to V1, V2, V3
Extrastriate Cortex is selected areas of Cortex
Pathway X is a hypothesis for this work

18. Neuro-Physical Model Extrastriate Areas Movable retinal projection
Superior
Colliculus
Main Visual Pathway
Movement
Primary
Areas (V1, V2, …)
Extrastriate Areas
Auditory Triggers
Gaze Locking j
Pathway X
Non-ocular Motor Activity

19. Hypothesis
Feedback loop in the preceding slide is a state machine with learning memory
Recall of detail and shape is related to gaze locking signals

20. Experimental System
24 neural areas
30,000 neurons

21. Experimental System

22. Consciousness What is it? Descartes theater of them mind
An answer to the wrong question?

23. Jeff Hawkens
“On Intelligence”

24. Criterion Inclusion of time in the brain Feedback
Physical Architecture must be part of the theory

25. Mountcastle Proposal
The algorithm of the cortex is independent of an particular sense or function
The brain uses the same mechanism for all!

26. State Machines
The brain used state machine to sequence patterns of firing
Short term memory
Visual systems

27. Summary The brain is the prototype for intelligence
Brain structure and brain function are being studied
Can a symbol system compete with the brain?
How does symbolic behavior arise from the neural level of the brain?