1. Hardt, On ignoring history
Early Models:
Bullet/Hypodermic model
Lasswell: Functional analysis
Shannon-Weaver: Mathematical (sender-receiver)
1940s: Lasswell and U of Chicago: Sociological approach
PRAGMATISM/CRITICAL (Internal)
1940S: Berelson: with Lazarsfeld, Hovland: Scientific approach SCIENTIFIC/QUANTITATIVE/BEHAVIORAL
Lazarsfeld: Propaganda and Advertising Analyses
Administrative Research
Critical Research
Smythe: What about the role of cultural praxis?

2. The Origins of Mass Communication Research
Master Trends in Society (19th/20th centuries)
Industrialization Growth of labor force Factory system Corporations Bureaucracy
Urbanization Growth of cities (decline in rural areas) Bringing different peoples together
Modernization Innovations More social differentiation Media (inter)dependence
Development of Statistical Methodologies Needed as the basis for behavioral research