1. Bohr Model of Hydrogen
Visible Spectrum
Full Spectrum

2. Quantized Electron Orbits
Louis de Broglie (1892 – 1987)
l = h/p

3. Erwin Schrodinger (1887 – 1961)
H Y = E Y
Wave Equation

4. Wave Equation Solution for E

5. Wave Equation Solution for Y
Ground State (n = 1)

6. Wave Equation Solution for Y
First Excited States (n = 2)

7. Wave Equation Solution for Y
d orbitals (n > 2)

8. Wave Equation Solution for Y
f orbitals (n > 3)

9. Electron Spin
Up Spin
Down Spin

10. Splitting of Energy Levels

11. Many Electron Energy Diagram

12. Correct Helium Configuration?
Wolfgang Pauli ( )

13. Correct Configuration for Carbon?
Friedrich Hund (1896 – 1997)

14. Electron Configurations
H = 1s1
He = 1s2
Li = 1s2 2s1
Be = 1s2 2s2
B = 1s2 2s2 2p1
C = 1s2 2s2 2p2
N = 1s2 2s2 2p3
O = 1s2 2s2 2p4
F = 1s2 2s2 2p5
Ne = 1s2 2s2 2p6
Na = 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s1
Mg = 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2
Al = 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p1
Si = 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p2
P = 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p3
S = 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p4
Cl = 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p5
Ar = 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6
K = 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 4s1
Ca = 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 4s2
Sc = 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 4s2 3d1
etc.

15. The Modern Periodic Table of the Elements