1. DYSPHAGIA

2. Difficulty in swallowing from any part of the gut starting from mouth to stomach

9. CLINICAL EXAMINATION
ORAL CAVITY
LUMPS IN THE NECK
THYROID
ANEMIA

10. BLOOD TESTS HB
Serum calcium
albumin
lFTS

11. Xray Chest
Barium swallow
Endoscopy
C.T
MRI
Manometry

14. Acquired: infective Tonsilitis Supraglottitis Candidiasis
Parapharyngeal abscess
GERD

18. Acquired :Drug induced
Tetracyclines
Vit c
Ferrous sulphates
Anticholinergics
Anti depressants
Calcium channel blockers
antiemetics

19. Acquired
Foreign body
Caustic strictures

20. Motility disorders Achlasia Diffuse oesophageal spasm
Nut cracker oesophagus

23. Achlasia treatment
Balloon myotomy
Surgical myotomy

24. DES and Nut cracker esophagus
Involves lower 1/3 mostly
High pressure contractions
Muscle hypertrophy
Manometry
Calcium channel blockers for treatment

26. Esophageal cancer the most important reason for presenting in surgical wards