1. TEPCO’s ALARA Program (Basic Policy of Mid- and Long- Term Exposure Reduction)
Toshiyuki HAYASHIDA
Tokyo Electric Power Company Radiation Protection Group
ISOE Asian ALARA Symposium
September 12-13, 2007, Seoul, KOREA

2. Contents TEPCO situations Improvement of Process Improved Process
Exposure trends
ALARA activities
Improvement of Process
Objectives and Approach
Identifying gaps
Scope of Activities
Improved Process
Mid-/long-term dose target process
Basic policy for mid- and long-term
Outage dose target process

3. Profile - Location

4. TEPCO’s Nuclear Power Plants
17 BWRs including 2 ABWRs
(total capacity 17,308MWe)
- 28% of generation capacity
- 41% of generated electricity
(FY 2006)

5. TEPCO’s Nuclear Power Plants
Commercial
Capacity
Unit
Type
Operation　Start
(MW)
No.1
BWR-3
460
Mar.1971
No.2
BWR-4
784
Jul.1974
Fukushima
No.3
BWR-4
784
Mar.1976
Daiichi(1F)
No.4
BWR-4
784
Oct.1978
No.5
BWR-4
784
Apr.1978
No.6
BWR-5
1100
Oct.1979
No.1
BWR-5
1100
Apr.1982
Fukushima
No.2
BWR-5
1100
Feb.1984
Daini(2F)
No.3
BWR-5
1100
Jun.1985
No.4
BWR-5
1100
Aug.1987
No.1
BWR-5
1100
Sep.1985
No.2
BWR-5
1100
Sep.1990
No.3
BWR-5
1100
Aug.1993
Kashiwazaki
No.4
BWR-5
1100
Aug.1994
Kariwa(KK)
No.5
BWR-5
1100
Apr.1990
No.6
ABWR
1356
Nov.1996
No.7
ABWR
1356
Jun.1997

6. Exposure Trends in TEPCO
Person-Sv
No. of Workers
Fukushima Daiichi NPS
Fukushima Daini NPS
Kashiwazaki Kariwa NPS

7. TEPCO’S ALARA Activities
Radiation Field Control
Source term removal
Reduced corrosion products from feed water piping by injecting oxygen
Use of low-cobalt material
Use of weatherproof steel in component materials for feed water and condensate system
Dual condensate purification system
Flushing and Chemical Decon.
Shielding
Permanent shielding in PCV
Temporary shielding for high-radiation work
ALARA Management

8. Annual Collective Dose
Collective Dose (Person-Sv/yr・reactor)
FY2005
FY2006
Fukushima Daiichi（１Ｆ）
2.6
2.9
Fukushima Daini（２Ｆ）
1.1
0.9
Kashiwazaki Kariwa（ＫＫ）
1.3

9. Benchmarking

10. Ratio of Collective Dose in Japan (FY2006)
Benchmarking
Ratio of Collective Dose in Japan (FY2006)
1F:26%
KK:10%
2F:5%
TEPCO’s total:41%

11. More Efficiently and Effectively!
Objectives
Reshape ALARA Management by；
Reviewing ALARA management “As-Is” process
Identifying a gap between “As-Is” and “To-Be” process
Focusing on the interface between radiation protection and maintenance staff at work planning and post-outage steps
Incorporating ALARA Considerations into Job
More Efficiently and Effectively!

12. Approach The project team “Dose Target Control Peer Team” organized
Team Members
Leader : Radiation Protection Manager(H/O)
Permanent Members : Radiation Protection, Radiation Safety, Chemistry staff from H/O , 1F, 2F, KK
Temporary Members: Maintenance staff from H/O,1F, 2F, KK

13. Identifying Gaps Lack of mid- and long-term target
Lack of inter-group communication between RP and maintenance group
Little RP staff involvement of work planning and post-job performance review
Little chance to identify good practice and to propose dose reduction measures for job

14. Lack of Mid- / Long-term Target
Vision
Mid- and Long-term Dose Plan
Expectations from the management
(Division Director,Site President)
Projection of :
Each work dose
Outage dose
Annual dose

15. Lack of Interface Maintenance RP Long-term plan Annual dose plans
Outage plan
RWA Review / approval
Review main work schedule
Weak Relations
Outage dose plan
Review detailed work schedule
Tracking dose
Work management
Post-outage follow-up
RWA report
Weak Relations
Incorporation of lessons learned
Outage report

16. Team Vision
The Dose Target Control Peer Team facilitates the Maintenance Department and Radiation Control Department as they jointly define provisions to be implemented in each step of maintenance processes(planning, scheduling, work and evaluation), and communicate with each other to evaluate planned and actual figures in dose targets, thereby achieving dose reduction.

17. Scope of Activities Setting Mid- and Long-term Dose Target Process
Setting Outage Dose Target Process
Proposal for incorporating dose reduction measures
Radiation Protection Management
Basic Policy for Mid- and Long-term Exposure Reduction
Planning
Follow-up Action
Maintenance
Process
Work
Dose Target Plans for annual and Mid- /Long-term Exposure Reduction
Check&Review
Examining reflection items for the next outage
Reviewing dose performance

18. Setting Mid- / Long-term Plans
New process
Mid- / Long-term and Annual Dose plans
Expectations
output
Expected
performance
Basic Policy
input
Vision of site dose
performance
The world’s top XX%
Future
schedule
input
Projected
performance
The world’s top AA%
input
Past
performance

19. Basic Policy
Proposed by Radiation Protection & Management Group (head office)
Approval of director of nuclear power plant management department(head office)
Annually assess implementation results and determine the need for review
Setting basic policy for mid- and long-term exposure reduction

20. Kasiwazaki Kariwa(KK)
Basic Policy
Collective dose in BWR ( Average)
Santa Maria De Garona(1)
0.0
0.5
1.0
1.5
2.0
2.5
3.0
3.5
4.0
4.5
Tarapur(1)
Perry(1)
Quad Cities(2)
Tokai-II(1)
Fukushima Daiichi(6)
Laguna Verde(2)
Cofrentes(1)
Ringhals(1)
Browns Ferry(2)
Clinton(1)
Nine Mile Point(2)
Columbia Gen Sta(1)
Shimane(2)
Tsuruga(1)
Shika(1)
Dresden(2)
LaSalle(2)
Kuosheng(2)
Pilgrim(1)
Vermont Yankee(1)
Peach Bottom(2)
Fukushima Daini(4)
Hamaoka(5)
Hope Creek(1)
Kashiwazaki Kariwa(7)
Fermi(1)
River Bend(1)
Cooper(1)
Gundremmingen Npp(2)
Brunswick(2)
Chinshan(2)
Monticello(1)
Muehleberg(1)
Grand Gulf(1)
Hatch(2)
Susquehanna(2)
Leibstadt(1)
FitzPatrick(1)
Kruemmel(1)
Oyster Creek(1)
Philippsburg(1)
Isar(1)
Limerick(2)
Duane Arnold(1)
Oskarshamn(3)
Olkiluoto(2)
Forsmark(3)
Onagawa(3)
Brunsbuettel(1)
Higashidori (1)
線量　人Ｓｖ／年・炉
Top Quartile
2nd Quartile
3rd Quartile
Bottom Quartile
Fukusima Daini(2F)
Kasiwazaki Kariwa(KK)
Fukusima Daiich(1F)
1F:Mid-term
1F:Long-term
2F,KK:Mid-term
2F,KK:Long-term
Mid-term : collective dose three years’ average ( )
Long-term : collective dose three years’ average ( )

21. Basic Policy Mid-Term Long-Term Fukushima Daiichi (1F)
Approaches the 46th
World’s Third quartile
47th in the world
2.5 Sv/yr・reactor
38th in the world
1.8 Sv/yr・reactor
Fukushima Daini (2F)
World’s Top quartile
World’s Top Tenth
13th in the world
1.0 Sv/yr・reactor
0.9 Sv/yr・reactor
Kashiwazaki Kariwa (KK)

22. Mid- / Long-term and Annual Dose Plans
Aim at a basic policy of mid- and long-term (expected performance)
Proposed by Radiation Safety Group (Site)
Approval of Site President
Annually review
Site president assesses “projected performance” by comparing with “expected performance”, and decides “vision of site dose performance”.

23. Interface between Maintenance and RP
Long-term plan
Mid- /Long-term and
annual dose plans
Outage plan
RP proposal
Review main work schedule
Involved in work schedule
RWA Review / approval
Review detailed work schedule
Outage dose plan
Work management
Tracking dose
Post-outage follow-up
RWA report
Incorporation of lessons learned
Outage report

24. RP Proposal
Proposed dose reduction measures to maintenance team before outage contract
RP Proposal
Effecting long-term or short-term(outage) maintenance plans
For selected job (High radiation work)
Based on lessons learned at former outage

25. Involvement in Work Schedule
RP share information of detailed work schedule with maintenance team and contractors.
RP involvement
Suggestions for rearranging the work steps which achieve significant dose reduction.
Providing dose information of the same operation areas to maintenance team and contractors (Each job process optimally planned from the perspective of dose reduction).

26. Outage Report
Prepared by RP at post-outage follow-up step and report out to maintenance team
Including what maintenance team expect to know about outage jobs
Involving following information
Dose performance of selected jobs
Proposals for dose reduction measures that should be reflected to the next outage or other plants
Punch lists for the proposal.

27. Implementation Program
Outage dose target process
Trial implemented last year (FY2006)
Selected a couple of high radiation jobs of each trial plants
The trial result is being evaluating.
Full implementation began in April (FY2007)
Coverage is high radiation jobs of each plants
Mid- and long-term dose target process
Began in April (FY2007)

28. Summary
The basic policy for mid- and long-term exposure reduction was decided.
Setting “targets” in the basic policy as well as mid/long-term and annual plans,there was clarified the expectation of the management and the vision of exposure reduction.
“Mid- and long-term dose target process” and “Outage dose target process” began in April (FY2007)