1. Presidential Reconstruction Plans Lincoln Johnson
Added to Lincoln’s:
Southern states had to approve 13th Amendment.
States had to nullify ordinances of secession.
States had to cancel war debt.
All Southerners pardoned after taking oath of allegiance to the U.S.
States permitted back into Union when 10% of its voters took the oath.

2. The Black Codes

3. The 13th Amendment outraged Southern slavery supporters.
Former slave owners and farmers were also terrified of the newly freed slaves, and how their freedom might affect the Southern way of life.

4. The 13th Amendment had made slavery illegal, but it couldn’t stop discrimination.
The Black Codes restricted all types of behavior for freed men.
Depending on the state, blacks couldn’t meet in public, own or rent a house in the city, be out after dark, or be self-employed.
Breaking these “laws” could get you fined, jailed, or whipped.

5. Abolitionist Newspaper Building Destroyed

6. The 14th Amendment
Granted citizenship to all freed men and guaranteed “equal protection of the law.”
Congress forced the Southern states to ratify the amendment.
When most didn’t, the U.S. military took over control of the South.

7. The Fifteenth Amendment and the Ku Klux Klan

8. The Fifteenth Amendment to the U. S
The Fifteenth Amendment to the U.S. Constitution gave every male citizen the right to vote.
It was intended to give blacks a voice in the South.
Many Southern Democrats worked to keep blacks away from the polls.

9. The KKK
Founded in Pulaski, TN in 1865 as a social club for returning soldiers.
Quickly became a terrorist organization.
Wore white robes and masks to disguise identities, but faced little danger from police.
Intimidated Republican voters (black and white) to keep them from the polls.

10. Klan Intimidation

11. Klan activities led to the Georgia Act of 1869.
The act returned Georgia to military rule, with a military commander and provisional governor.
Georgia had to ratify the 15th Amendment before it could return to the Union.