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Chapter 20 Moral Skepticism.

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1 Chapter 20 Moral Skepticism

2 An Inversion Of Ordinary Morality
Morality and Might We will assume that morality simply is what the most powerful in the society want Nietzsche’s New Morality Friedrich Nietzsche was a philosopher who held that in a new and different sense of right: © Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

3 An Inversion Of Ordinary Morality
The strong person who refuses to do the conventionally moral thing And who acts by ordinary standards immorally is in fact the moral person The powerful have a natural right to rule Once the weaklings have joined together to restrict the bully and the tyrant: © Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

4 An Inversion Of Ordinary Morality
Then to make sure that everyone follows the new guidelines, they try to make it seem as though: This is the morally right way to behave And people who patiently await their turn, respect the rights of others, and help those in need are not: Just helping themselves in an enlightened self-interested way but are good people © Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

5 An Inversion Of Ordinary Morality
What most of us think of as the highest moral principles of Judeo-Christian & liberal thought: Branded by Nietzsche as “slave morality,” unjustly robs the powerful of their natural right to rule Banding together the weak can overpower the strong But then who is really the stronger? © Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

6 The Metaphysics Of Morality
Moral Facts Egger–Maestri climb What we seem committed to in our ordinary understanding of morality is: The objectivity of moral values © Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

7 The Metaphysics Of Morality
We don’t act as if they were matters established by: Human desire, choice, emotion, belief Ethical Subjectivism A conviction’s being a reflection of ordinary experience and common sense: Does not render it immune to refutation © Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

8 The Metaphysics Of Morality
It is a conviction that we have compelling reason to correct An Argument to Show That There Are No Objective Moral Facts There is a way that things are and This way is not simply the product of: © Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

9 The Metaphysics Of Morality
Human subjective states such as beliefs, desires, emotions and choices It does not require holding that all human beings agree on the matter There was a time when virtually all believed that the Earth orbited the Sun © Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

10 J. L. Mackie: The Argument from Relativity
Modus Ponens Component Disjunctive Syllogism Component Either (a) there is a lack of adequate evidence on the issue or: (b) the issue is not objective Implausibility Argument © Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.


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