1. ATM OCN Fall LECTURE 8
ATMOSPHERIC ENERGETICS: RADIATION & ENERGY BUDGETS
A. INTRODUCTION:
What maintains life?
How does Planet Earth maintain a habitable environment?

3. B. ENERGY (HEAT) BUDGETS
Energy budget philosophy
INPUT = OUTPUT + STORAGE
Planetary annual energy budget
Short wave radiation components
Long wave radiation components
Non radiative components (where)...

4. Background - The Earth, The Sun & The Radiation Link
INPUT -- Solar Radiation
From Sun radiating at temperature  6000 K;
Peak radiation m;
Solar Constant  2 cal/cm2/min or 1370 W/m2
OUTPUT -- Terrestrial radiation
Emitted from earth-atmosphere system;
Radiating temperature 
Peak radiation region m.

5. Planetary Radiative Energy Budget From Geog. 101 UW-Stevens Point

6. PLANETARY ENERGY BUDGETS Short Wave Components
Disposition of solar radiation in Earth-atmosphere system
Reflected
Scattered
Absorbed
Transmitted
Implications

7. PLANETARY ENERGY BUDGETS Long Wave Components
Disposition of long radiation in Earth-atmosphere system
Emitted
Absorbed
Transmitted

8. PLANETARY ENERGY BUDGETS Long Wave Components (con’t.)
Atmospheric or “Greenhouse” Effect
Background
“Greenhouse Gases” [H2O, CO2, CH4]
Implications

9. PLANETARY ENERGY BUDGETS Non-Radiative Components
Disposition of non-radiative fluxes in Earth-atmosphere system
Types of non-radiative fluxes
Sensible heat transport
Latent Heat transport
Implications

10. PLANETARY ENERGY BUDGETS (con’t.)
ANNUAL AVERAGE
Input = Output
Absorbed solar = Emitted terrestrial
LATITUDINAL DISTRIBUTION
Input & Output Curves
Energy surplus & deficit regions
Meridional energy transport in Atmosphere & Oceans

11. OCEAN CURRENTS

14. ENERGY BUDGETS (con’t.)
LOCAL ENERGY BUDGETS
THE FORCING (Energy Gain)
Radiative Controls
Latitude
Clouds
Air Mass Controls
Warm Air Advection & Cold Air Advection
THE RESPONSE
Temperature & Temperature Variations

17. ENERGY BUDGETS (con’t.)
FACTORS TO CONSIDER in the Thermal Response
Albedo (reflectivity)
Conductivity
Specific Heat Quantity of heat required to change temperature of a unit mass of substance by 1 Celsius degree.

18. Thermal Conductivity Example: Change in Snow Cover See Figure 3
Thermal Conductivity Example: Change in Snow Cover See Figure 3.6, Moran & Morgan (1997)

19. TEMPERATURE RESPONSE for substances with differing specific heats See Table 3.2, Moran & Morgan (1997)

24. ENERGY BUDGETS (con’t)
Local energy budgets
Features of local energy budgets
Annual
Summer maximum temperature
Winter minimum temperature
Diurnal
Afternoon maximum temperature
Pre-dawn minimum temperature