1. N5 Revision guide to Underdevelopment in Africa

2. You have studied a WORLD ISSUE Not a World Power!
The third Section in your exam asks you to choose between
PART E: WORLD POWERS
and
PART F: WORLD ISSUES
Remember!
You have studied a WORLD ISSUE
Not a World Power!

3. So you must start each question by writing:
“I have studied underdevelopment in Africa.”
You may wish to then lead into the answer to this particular question by writing something like,
“one way the charities have tried to resolve underdevelopment in Africa is by….”
Notice that at the bottom of every question in this section it asks you to “state the world issue or conflict you have studied”

4. (You can skip this slide and the next if you do)
Before you go any further, make sure you know what UNDERDEVELOPMENT IN AFRICA means.
(You can skip this slide and the next if you do)
Basically, in a developed country is one where people have better standards of living and life chances.
An underdeveloped country is one where most people have a lower standard of living and are much poorer.
Some video revision: Developed vs Developing (2 minutes):

5. Lower levels of poverty Have a high standard of living
Those lucky enough to live in the DEVELOPED WORLD tend to have:
Lower levels of poverty
Have a high standard of living
Good health services
High life expectancy
High literacy and numeracy rates
Low infant mortality rates
Have economies based on industry, trade, services and new technology
Have highly developed infrastructure
Have Rights which are respected
Democratic political systems
E.G. Scotland, France, USA, Australia
By contrast, many of the DEVELOPING countries suffer from:
Higher levels of poverty
Low living standards
Poor healthcare
Lower life expectancy
Less access to education
High infant mortality
Have economies based on agriculture
Have a poor infrastructure
Can be undemocratic or suffer from corruption
E.G. Malawi, Nigeria, Ethiopia

6. UNDERDEVELOPMENT IN AFRICA Remember! (Calm down!):
This is a table showing the course content which the SQA wants you to know about the topic of
UNDERDEVELOPMENT
IN AFRICA
The next several slides go through each of these sections, showing what you could talk about for each bullet point..
Make sure you are able to answer
DESCRIBE or EXPLAIN questions on these.
Remember! (Calm down!):
You don’t need to know EVERYTHING you could say about each topic, you just need ENOUGH to be able to give a 4 to 8 mark answer about each bullet point.

7. causes of underdevelopment in Africa
Bad governance/ decisions (p10-12)
Weak governments (p10-11)
Corruption (p13-24)
Wars (p15-16)
See also:
See also:
Political causes
Debt (p20-1)
Unfair trade (p19-20)
Poor infrastructure, e.g. roads and irrigation (p17-18)
See also:
Why isn’t Congo rich…
Cobalt
infrastructure
causes of underdevelopment in Africa
Economic Causes
Lack of sanitation and clean water
Lack of social infrastructure – lack of education
Lack of social infrastructure – lack of healthcare
Sexism (not educating/paying women the same)
Religious attitudes against contraception = aids, big families
Social stigma and lack of education about HIV/AIDS
Social Causes
(p20, 22)
See also:
The girl effect:
The HIV epidemic and what will stop it
Social Problems for Women and Children in Sub Saharan Africa:

8. Consequences of underdevelopment on Africans
Diseases
eg. Cholera, HIV/AIDS (p27-8)
Story of cholera
HIV in Nigeria
Hunger, famine and malnutrition (p25-6)
hunger in sub-Saharan Africa
Consequences of underdevelopment on Africans
Slums
(p26-7)
Inside Africa's Biggest Slum (Kibera) - Nairobi, Kenya
Poverty
(p6-7)
Poverty still challenges sub-sahara
Lack of education (p29-30)
UNESCO: Sub Sahara Africa leads school drop outs globally
Economic debt, difficulties and unemployment (p31)
Kenya's unemployment levels is one of the highest in the world

9. Regional and international Consequences of Underdevelopment
Terrorism (p34)
VIDEO: “How Islamist militant groups are gaining strength in Africa”
Ebola epidemic (p33)
Ebola: the Deadliest outbreak
Refugees
(p35-6)
Desperate Journeys: Spain now main route to Europe for refugees and migrants
Europe vs Africa: The refugee double standard – UpFront
Regional and international Consequences of Underdevelopment
Somali Pirates
(p36)
World: Patrolling for Somali Pirates | The New York Times:
Imposing sanctions on African countries (p36)
What are economic sanctions
Peacekeeping troops (p37-8)
On patrol with China’s first UN peacekeepers - BBC News

10. What you should know about these organisations:
The next slide is about attempts to solve the problems of underdevelopment in Africa.
What you should know about these organisations:
What is their role?
What is their motivation for helping?
What do they do to solve problems?
How much have they succeeded?
How much have they failed?

11. The African Union THE UNITED NATIONS:
NGOs/ charities such as:
-OXFAM
-WATERAID
-SAVE THE CHILDREN
See also:
Bilateral Aid
from the UK through DFID (The Department for International Development)
what is UK aid?
UK aid boosting business in Africa
Regional Aid from Regional Organisations:
The African Union
Which also makes military attempts to help
What is the African Union? (10 minutes)
is the African union fulfilling its mandate?
More than 22 thousand UN and AU troops were deployed in Somalia
Attempts to resolve the issue of underdevelopment in Africa
Multilateral Aid from International Organisations
THE UNITED NATIONS:
UNICEF (p46)
World Health Organisation (p45-6) WHO/ebola
World Food programme (p46)
Food & Agriculture Organisation (p45)

12. Are the problems of underdevelopment being solved?

13. Africa’s refugee problems have got worse and worse.

16. Africa is more peaceful than it was.
More Africans have access to clean water.
More Africans are literate and numerate.
Fewer Africans live under dictatorships.
There is less infant mortality.
Fewer contract or die of HIV/AIDS.

17. The following slides are about the SDGs.
This information can be helpful for understanding the progress made by African countries towards development— and what problems persist.

18. Sustainable Development Goals (SDG)

19. 1. What are SDGs?

20. 2. Name 5 goals which would help solve under development.

21. Answer to question 2

22. 4. How will SDG number 1 and 2 help Africa?

23. Question 5. https://news.un.org/en/story/2019/03/1034741
How has topical cyclone affected Mozambique and Malawi?

24. 6. What did the MDG report 2015 say about Africa? Give 3 points
Remember MDG is Millennium Development Goals

25. 7. What has Chad committed to during 2019

26. 8. What does the description say about the SDG and sub Saharan Africa?

27. 9. Click on the report go to page 10 – what does it say about basic education and health?

28. 10. What does the article say about progress in Uganda?

29.
Click the second box at the bottom Breaking the rural poverty

30. The move from MDG to SDG