1. Republic of Kazakhstan Priority Issues in 7 Major River Basins
The Priority Problems of
Ecology
10-Apr-19
Wilfried Pistecky

2. Priority Issues in 7 Major River Basins Magnitude of the Problem [19]
(9) ecosystem deterioration due to lack of water (quantity)
(8) ecosystem deterioration due to water pollution (quality)
(2) Quantity and quality problem
Generally caused by an imbalance of: economical – social – ecological aspects
10-Apr-19
Wilfried Pistecky

3. Priority Issues in 7 Major River Basins Proposed Strategy
Improve water management practices to achieve:
Establish nature reserves
Controlled water abstractions
Sewage treatment
Pollution reduction
River restoration
Dreding of river (Ural)
Refer to “Priority Problems of Water Management”
10-Apr-19
Wilfried Pistecky

4. Priority Issues in 7 Major River Basins Proposed Priority Projects
10-Apr-19
Wilfried Pistecky

5. Republic of Kazakhstan Priority Issues in 7 Major River Basins
The Priority Problems of
Data Base
and Monitoring
10-Apr-19
Wilfried Pistecky

6. Priority Issues in 7 Major River Basins Magnitude of the Problem [13]
(9) improve quality and quantity monitoring of rivers
(2) study special contaminations (hot spots)
(1) establish a GIS for water management
(1) provide computers, software for River Basin Organisations
10-Apr-19
Wilfried Pistecky

7. Priority Issues in 7 Major River Basins Characteristic of the Problem
Lack of static data:
Identification of contaminations
Identifications of aquifers (groundwater resource)
Lack of dynamic data:
Deterioration of monitoring networks
Lack of monitoring facilities
Data management problems
Lack of equipment (computers etc.)
Lack of modern software and staff training
10-Apr-19
Wilfried Pistecky

8. Priority Issues in 7 Major River Basins Proposed Strategy
Monitoring cycle concept
Define information needs
Define monitoring strategy, define network
Process of data collection and transfer
Efficient data analysis
Reports, information dissemination
Define Monitoring Objective !
Decision making (e.g. remediation of hot spot)
Control purposes (e.g. effluent quality)
Management purposes (e.g. flow regulation)
10-Apr-19
Wilfried Pistecky

9. Priority Issues in 7 Major River Basins Proposed Strategy
Monitoring of underground contamination
For decision making on remedial action
Groundwater monitoring
Water levels, movements, quality (not automatic)
Monitoring of transboundary rivers
Flows (automatic recording, transfer)
Quality (manual, except for special risks)
Surface water monitoring
Effluents automatic; immission manual
Hydro-meteorological monitoring
10-Apr-19
Wilfried Pistecky

10. Priority Issues in 7 Major River Basins Proposed Strategy
Monitoring concept to be developed with:
Information needs (objectives)
Technical requirements (sampling, transfer, processing, reporting, information dissemination)
Investment costs, operation costs
Revenues from data sales, required subsidies
River Basin Authorities to be in charge with a central data bank
10-Apr-19
Wilfried Pistecky

11. Priority Issues in 7 Major River Basins Proposed Priority Projects
10-Apr-19
Wilfried Pistecky

12. Republic of Kazakhstan Priority Issues in 7 Major River Basins
The Priority Problems of
Industrial Water Supply, Wastewater Disposal and Pollution Reduction
10-Apr-19
Wilfried Pistecky

13. Priority Issues in 7 Major River Basins Magnitude of the Problem [8]
(4) improve indust. water pollution control
(1) develop monitoring system (UK region)
(1) reconsider pollution limits
(1) upgrade industrial wastewater treatment plants
(1) stop uneconomic water use  recycling
(3) Hot spots / accidental spills
(2) Nura bed mercury clean-up
(1) Ilek river boron and chromium VI pollution
(1) local pipe production
10-Apr-19
Wilfried Pistecky

14. Priority Issues in 7 Major River Basins Proposed Strategy
Clean-up of hot spots
E.g. Nura river, UK groundwater pollution
Regulatory approach
Develop branch specific effluent standards
Develop realistic strategic action plan with transition periods (to achieve good status  not to kill viable industry)
Access to financing (e.g. eco fund)
10-Apr-19
Wilfried Pistecky

15. Priority Issues in 7 Major River Basins Proposed Priority Projects
10-Apr-19
Wilfried Pistecky

16. Republic of Kazakhstan Priority Issues in 7 Major River Basins
The Priority Problems of
Agricultural Water Supply
10-Apr-19
Wilfried Pistecky

17. Priority Issues in 7 Major River Basins Magnitude of the Problem [6]
Raised in 5 workshops (2 x BA, Ir, Is, ST, UC)
Agriculture accounts for 10% of GDP, 14% of employment and 10% of exports
Irrigated land reduced to 1/3 since 1993
Water consumption reduced to ½
10-Apr-19
Wilfried Pistecky

18. Priority Issues in 7 Major River Basins Causes of the Problem
Land ownership questions
Production cost of irrigated products
No big enough associations to sustain the large irrigation facilities
Lack of funds by farmers for input material
Difficult access to funds
People move to urban centres
10-Apr-19
Wilfried Pistecky

19. Priority Issues in 7 Major River Basins Proposed Strategy
Rehabilitate schemes which have:
Identified owner/ operator
Resolved landownership
Amelioration associations (1000 – 5000ha)
Low pumping heads
Marketable irrigated products
Rehabilitation cost approx. < 1000 $/ha
Other NIS experience: 30% of previous area feasible
Estimated investments required in sector: $ 600 mln.
10-Apr-19
Wilfried Pistecky

20. Priority Issues in 7 Major River Basins Proposed Priority Projects
10-Apr-19
Wilfried Pistecky

21. Republic of Kazakhstan Priority Issues in 7 Major River Basins
The Priority Problems of
Education
10-Apr-19
Wilfried Pistecky

22. Priority Issues in 7 Major River Basins Magnitude of the Problem [3]
Lack of qualified staff in water organisations
Education/ training of young professionals
Awareness building of water users
10-Apr-19
Wilfried Pistecky

23. Priority Issues in 7 Major River Basins Proposed Strategy
Education / training / professionals:
Public finance + private sponsoring of education
International know-how exchange; research programs
Create environment for private design/ consulting companies (instead of founding an institute)
Professionals in Water Organisations
Attractive conditions (salary, career, image etc.)
Awareness building for water users
Children in schools: information campaigns
Adults: TV and radio spots
10-Apr-19
Wilfried Pistecky

24. Republic of Kazakhstan Priority Issues in 7 Major River Basins
The Priority Problems of
Hydropower, Dam Safety and Flood Protection
10-Apr-19
Wilfried Pistecky

25. Priority Issues in 7 Major River Basins Magnitude of the Problem [3]
Ir degradation of flood plains due to Shulba HPP Ec
BA flow balancing problem down of Kapchagai HPP Ec
TT Tobol Torgay dams flow regulation; eco concerns Ec
TT stratification and cyanophyta in reservoirs Ec
Ir build Shulba II for flooding plains and navigation Ec
BA water release at Kapchagai causes flooding FP
ST rehabilitate / improve safety of Ashibulak dam Ma
TT rehabilitate Segeevsk dam Ma
TT study pollutants in sediments in reservoirs Ma
10-Apr-19
Wilfried Pistecky

26. Priority Issues in 7 Major River Basins Proposed Strategy and Projects
Competing water uses: “economy-ecology-sociology”
Aquatic growth: water quality, weed harvest,
Maintain water quality:
Dam safety and monitoring procedures: owner and authority
Some problems are included under other water sectors
10-Apr-19
Wilfried Pistecky

27. Republic of Kazakhstan Proposed Flood Protection Strategies30
100
1000
Flood Protection Cost
Damage Cost
(Rural area) 10
Return frequency (years)
Cost ($)
Damage Cost
(Urban area)
10-Apr-19
Wilfried Pistecky

28. Republic of Kazakhstan Priority Issues in 7 Major River Basins
The Priority Problems of
Professional Fishery
10-Apr-19
Wilfried Pistecky

29. Priority Issues in 7 Major River Basins Magnitude of the Problem [1]
Ural and Kygach rivers
Hydraulic structures hinder fish migration
Discharge modification / river diversion
Imbalance between native species and competing introduced fish
Decline of water quality
Over-fishing – Sturgeon fisheries
10-Apr-19
Wilfried Pistecky

30. Priority Issues in 7 Major River Basins Proposed Strategy
Integrated approach to water use planning (fish ladders, by-pass structures, “soften river regulation”)
Review fisheries in irrigation and drainage canals
Improve management of Sturgeon fishery
Restocking programme for Caspian Sea sturgeons
Keep priority to wild resource versus commercial aquaculture
Combat fish poaching
10-Apr-19
Wilfried Pistecky

31. Republic of Kazakhstan Priority Issues in 7 Major River Basins
The Priority Problems of
Inland Navigation
10-Apr-19
Wilfried Pistecky

32. Priority Issues in 7 Major River Basins Magnitude of the Problem [1]
Irtysh river
Lack of ship lock at Shulba dam
Silting of river sections
is also a problem at Ural river mouth
10-Apr-19
Wilfried Pistecky

33. Priority Issues in 7 Major River Basins Proposed Strategy
Feasibility study
on merits and demerits of inland navigation
considering costs, benefits and all ecological and social impacts
in particular of regular dredging and the construction of a ship lift
10-Apr-19
Wilfried Pistecky

34. Priority Issues in 7 Major River Basins Proposed Priority Projects
10-Apr-19
Wilfried Pistecky

35. Priority Issues in 7 Major River Basins Proposed Priority Projects
Thank you for your attention
10-Apr-19
Wilfried Pistecky