1. Unit #3 – Africa Lesson #07 – Apartheid in South Africa

2. The Story of South Africa
The World Bank classifies South Africa as an upper-middle-income economy
Its economy is the second-largest in Africa.
But…
It has only the 7th highest per capita income in Africa.
Poverty and inequality remain widespread
25% unemployment
25% living on less than US$1.25 a day
An independent dominion of the British Crown since 1910, but remained under direct control by the former colonial masters
Full independence in 1961

3. What score would you give this country from that information?

4. Foundation of racism in South Africa (which led to Apartheid)
In 1652 the Dutch colonized South Africa.
They believed the land was theirs.
They defeated many Africans and forced them to work as servants and slaves.
In 1806, Great Britain captured the colony from the Dutch.
When diamonds and gold were discovered, the British forced blacks off the mineral-rich land.
In 1948 the AFRICAANER dominated Nationalist Party was elected to power.

5. Apartheid System of legal racial segregation
Found ONLY in South Africa
Official government law 1948 to 1994
1m explanation
, Black South Africans were forced from their homes and into segregated communities
1970, the communities became self-governing, and no longer a part of South Africa

6. Population of South Africa
10% White
90% Black
Whites had the best land and property
Whites used blacks to do the “dirty work”
Passbook
Required by South African blacks
… but not by South African whites
3m explanation

7. White Minority Population
White minority called themselves “Afrikaners”
Protected their special privileges from colonial days
Keep black population from rising in power or money
Blacks… did not…
Whites lived in nice houses

8. Most blacks lived in shanty towns

10. Schools for blacks: primitive and purposefully poor

11. What do you think life was like in these towns?
What would frustrate them?
Frustration grew to anger…
Anger grew to violence …
Violence would not be tolerated …

12. The shanty towns became centers for black groups who resisted the white government.
Thousands resisted apartheid by refusing to work, refusing to buy white products, going into “white only” areas, and marching in nonviolent demonstrations.

13. Discovering Apartheid
Read UPFRONT article p , Jan, 2014
How is South Africa a good example of a carry-over of European Colonialism?
What role did Nelson Mandela play in inspiring black South Africa, and then… what was his role in a new South Africa, free of white rulers?
What has changed since the end of Apartheid?

14. Most black men had to leave their homeland to find work in mines or factories. And were not permitted free travel back to their families.
Women raised whatever crops they could or worked as domestic help.

20. How did this all happen?
Apartheid became exposed to the world during the 1960s
United Nations protested in 1960
Even Pope John Paul II spoke out against it
Then… came “the big tamale”…
Americans boycotted South African products

21. In 1960’s, the white South African government tried to destroy those who resisted apartheid
Anti-apartheid leaders were imprisoned. The goal was to end the violence.
Still, blacks increased their actions against the government.
By the late 70’s many of those leaders had died mysteriously in jail..

22. Analyze this political cartoon
What would a dinosaur in any political cartoon symbolize?
What seems to be happening to this dinosaur?
What does it look like the white guy is trying to do?

23. … then… almost suddenly…
… the racial South African government went belly up, voluntarily.
Why would they do that?

24. The end of Apartheid 1990 President Frederik Willem de Klerk
Started negotiations to end apartheid
1994- Elections for all races voting with equality
Won by African National Congress
The majority chose Nelson Mandela as President

25. So, how did such a nasty system of legal racism…
… which caused violence, jail and murder…
… come to an end as a result of peaceful protest?

26. End of Apartheid
By the 1980s, anti-Apartheid movement became international
Protests from around the world started effecting the African economy
Inspired by world events, black South Africans spun up new protests
An economy suffering, and streets in chaos, President de Klerk saw no other option…

27. One example of inspiration is famous musicians exposing how horrible Apartheid was.
An example is Peter Gabriel’s song about Steven Biko, released in 1980.

28. Stephen Biko Stephen Biko was a student leader
His writings mobilized the South African black population
He became famous for his slogan "black is beautiful”
By the 1970s he was an outspoken leader of the anti-Apartheid movement
He was banned from public speaking
In1977, Biko was arrested and interrogated by police
The interrogation lasted twenty-two hours and included torture and beatings.
Biko was chained to a window grille for a day, and later died from his injuries.
Stephen Biko

29. As you listen to this song, answer the questions…

30. Analyze this song What is the song about?
What do you think the words mean:
When I try to sleep at night I can only dream in red
What happens when you blow on a candle?
What happens when you blow on a fire?
What do you think they meant by:
You can blow out a candle But you can't blow out a fire
WHAT IMPACT DO YOU THINK THIS SONG HAD?