1. Chapter 7.1 & 7.2: Cells

2. What are cells?
Basic part of all living organisms
Make up tissues

3. Why are they called cells?
Robert Hooke 1st person to view “cells”
Compared what he saw to a monk’s room

4. Cell Theory
Smallest unit of living things that can carry out activities necessary for life
Composed of parts called organelles

5. What we know about cells (cont.)
3. Cells can only arise from other cells

6. Studying Cells
Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM)
Transmission Electron Microscope (TEM)

7. What we know about cells (cont.)
3. Cells can only arise from other cells

8. Types of Cells: 1. Eukaryotic Cells Contains membrane bound organelles
Have a nucleus
Ex. Our cells

9. 2 Types of Cells (cont.) 2. Prokaryotic Cells
No membrane bound organelles or nucleus
Unicellular
Ex. Bacteria

10. Comparing: Prokaryotic & Eukaryotic Cells
Cell membrane
Cytoplasm
DNA

11. Why do the similarities matter?
Scientists believe eukaryotic cells evolved from prokaryotic cells

12. What are Organelles?

13. What are Organelles?

14. What are Organelles?
Structures in a cell
Have specific functions

15. Nucleus Controls cell activities
Contains genetic information (DNA in form of Chromosomes)
Surrounded by nuclear membrane (envelope)

16. Nucleolus
Located in nucleus
Produces ribosomes

17. Ribosome Helps manufacture proteins
Float free and attach to endoplasmic reticulum

18. Endoplasmic Reticulum
Rough and smooth types
Proteins and lipids assembled here

20. Golgi Apparatus
Modifies and packages proteins and other materials to ship out of cell

21. Chloroplast Only in plants
Traps light & converts it to energy (glucose)
Process: Photosynthesis
Contain pigment called chlorophyll

22. Mitochondria Energy generator  AKA Powerhouse of cell
Breaks down glucose

23. Vacuole
Stores food, water and enzymes

24. Centrioles
Used in cell division
Only in animal cells

25. Cell Wall Only in plant cells Stiff & rigid, outside of cell membrane
Supports and protects cell

26. Cilia & Flagella Hair-like structures on cell surface
Assist in movement
Flagella: few & long
Cilia: many & short

27. Lysosomes
Use enzymes to digest worn out organelles, viruses & bacteria

28. Cytoskeleton Microtubules & Microfilaments
Provides framework and support
Thin protein fibers

29. Cytoplasm Clear, jelly-like material Provides support to cell
Site of many chemical reactions

30. Plasma (Cell) Membrane
Lipid bilayer
Selectively permeable
Regulates what enters & leaves cell
Assists in homeostasis