1. What are three different types of contact transmission?

2. What are three different types of contact transmission?
Direct
Indirect
Droplet

3. What is the difference between a mechanical vector and a biological vector?

4. What is the difference between a mechanical vector and a biological vector?
Mechanical vectors passively transport pathogens
Biological vectors are necessary for the life cycle of the parasite
Vectors are always living organisms, frequently arthropods

5. What are different vehicles used for the transmission of disease?

6. What are different vehicles used for the transmission of disease?
Water
Air
Food
Bodily fluids

7. What is the most common site of nosocomial infections?

8. What is the most common site of nosocomial infections?
Urinary tract

9. Define LD50

10. Define LD50 It is the lethal dose for 50% of the hosts
It is a measure of virulence

11. What are 5 ways that bacteria have evolved to penetrate or evade host defenses?

12. What are 5 ways that bacteria have evolved to penetrate or evade host defenses?
Capsules
Cell Wall Components
Exoenzymes
Siderophores
Antigenic Variation

13. What types of molecules are exotoxins?

14. What types of molecules are exotoxins?
Proteins

15. What types of molecules are endotoxins?

16. What types of molecules are endotoxins?
Lipids (lipid A of LPS)

17. Which type of toxins can be converted into toxoids?

18. Which type of toxins can be converted into toxoids?
Exotoxins
Toxoids are a type of vaccine made of an altered exotoxin

19. What are the portals of entry for a pathogen?

20. What are the portals of entry for a pathogen?
Mucous membranes
Respiratory tract
Gastrointestinal tract
Genitourinary tract
Conjunctiva
Skin
Parenteral Route