1. Chemistry
Matter and Change

2. Chemistry is…
…the study of the composition, structure, and properties of matter and the changes it undergoes
C2H5OH O2  2 CO2 + 3 H2O + Energy
Reactants  Products

3. Matter Mass Volume Anything that has mass and occupies space
A measure of the amount of matter
Volume
A measure of the space the object occupies

4. Physical Change
A change in a substance that does not involve a change in the identity of the substance.
Example:
Phase Changes

5. Phase Differences
Solid – definite volume and shape; particles packed in fixed positions.
Liquid – definite volume but indefinite shape; particles close together but not in fixed positions
Gas – neither definite volume nor definite shape; particles are at great distances from one another
Plasma – high temperature, ionized phase of matter as found on the sun.

6. Three Phases

7. Copper Phases - Solid

8. Copper Phases - Liquid

9. Copper Phases – Vapor (gas)

10. Chemical Change
A change in which one or more substances are converted into different substances.
Heat and light are often evidence of a chemical change.

11. Properties of Matter Physical Property Chemical Property
A property that can be determined without changing the nature of the substance.
Examples
Melting Point and Boiling Point
Color
Density
Chemical Property
A property of matter that describes a substance’s ability to participate in chemical reactions.
Examples
Reactivity (with oxygen-rust)
Heat of Combustion
Flammability

12. Density
The ratio of the mass of a substance to the volume of the substance

13. Atom Pure Substance Element
The smallest unit of an element that maintains
the properties of that element
Pure Substance
A sample of matter, either a single element or a single compound, that has definite chemical and physical properties
Element
A pure substance made of only one kind of atom

14. Molecule
The smallest unit of substance that keeps all of the physical and chemical properties of that substance
Usually consists of two or more atoms combined in a definite ratio
Oxygen Gas O2
Colorless, order less, essential to most life forms
Ozone O3
Toxic, sharp odor, pale blue gas
Just one type of atom

15. Compound A substance that is made from the atoms of two or
more elements that are chemically bonded.
Sucrose – C12H22O11
Sucrose is also known as table sugar, and is used to make Gummy Bears!

16. Mixtures Homogeneous Heterogeneous
A combination of two or more substances that are not chemically combined
Homogeneous
Describes something that has a uniform structure or composition throughout
Heterogeneous
Composed of dissimilar components

17. Separation of a Mixture
The constituents of the mixture retain their identity and may be separated by physical means.

18. Separation of a Mixture
The components of dyes such as ink may be separated by paper chromatography.

19. Separation of a Mixture
Distillation

20. Separation of a Compound The Electrolysis of water
Compounds must be separated by chemical means.
With the application of electricity, water can be separated into its elements
Reactant  Products
Water  Hydrogen + Oxygen
H2O  H O2

21. Classification of Matter

22. The Periodic Table
Period
Group or Family
Group or family
Period