1. Progressivism

2. What is it?
Progressivism- reaction to big business and societal problems
Causes
Unfair treatment of labor
Working conditions
Treatment of farmers
Monopolies and big business
Corrupt governments- state and local
Unequal treatment of minorities and immigrants

3. Who are they? Ida Tarbell- investigated Standard Oil
Charles Russell- investigated Beef industry
Lincoln Steffens- investigated political machines
Jacob Riis- investigated city living conditions (How the Other Half Lives)
Upton Sinclair- meat industry of Chicago (The Jungle)
Lewis Hine- pictures to expose dangers of child labor

4. Jacob Riis
Ida Tarbell
Upton Sinclair
Lincoln Steffens

5. Goal- get more people involved in government
Robert LaFollet
Direct Primary- direct primary elections
Initiatives- citizens propose a new law and put on ballot
Referendums- citizens reject or approve a new law
Recalls- citizens can remove a public official
17th Amendment- direct election of US Senators

6. Robert LaFollet

7. Other Changes Suffrage Movement
Susan B. Anthony and Elizabeth Cady Stanton
Lead to 19th amendment- women’s suffrage
Social Welfare and Education
States pass minimum age, maximum hours and compulsory school attendance laws
Health and Safety
Triangle Shirtwaist Fire- NYC (100’s of women killed)
Workers compensation- pay workers when injured
Zoning laws- restrict residential and industrial areas
Prohibition
Ban sale and consumption of alcohol
Lead to the 18th amendment- ban sale and consumption of alcohol

8. Progressive Presidents
Theodore Roosevelt
(after McKinley is assassinated)
William Howard Taft
Woodrow Wilson
Theodore Roosevelt
William Taft
Woodrow Wilson

9. Theodore Roosevelt Trustbusting Railroad Legislation
Use Sherman Anti-trust Act to break up trusts
Federal government serve as leaders in arbitration (3rd party)- following Coal Strike in 1902
Ex. Govt. sue Northern Securities Company
Railroad Legislation
Interstate Commerce Act of 1887
Elkins Act of made if illegal for railroad officials to give rebates for using specific railroads
Hepburn Act of limit distribution of free railroad passes (form of bribery

11. More Roosevelt Health and Environment
"It is also vandalism wantonly to destroy or to permit the destruction of what is beautiful in nature, whether it be a cliff, a forest, or a species of mammal or bird. Here in the United States we turn our rivers and streams into sewers and dumping-grounds, we pollute the air, we destroy forests, and exterminate fishes, birds and mammals -- not to speak of vulgarizing charming landscapes with hideous advertisements. But at last it looks as if our people were awakening."
Health and Environment
Meat Inspection Act- cleanliness requirements in meatpacking factories and federal meat inspection
Pure Food and Drug Act- halt sale of contaminated food and medicines and call for truth in labeling
Conservation- natural resources and parks
Newlands Reclamation Act- use funds from sale of federal land to pay for land development
Conserve 100 million acres- Yellowstone National Park

12. William Taft Elected in 1908- chosen by Roosevelt Firsts Under Taft
Controversy
Payne-Aldrich Tariff- Cut tariffs a little, anger Progressives and make them think Taft is abandoning them
Ballinger-Pinchot- Taft replaces Sec. of Interior with Ballinger and limit and reduce conservation
Reforms
Children’s Bureau
Mann-Elkins Act- increase power of Interstate Commerce Commission
Firsts Under Taft
First president to own a car
16th Amendment- federal income tax
First to throw out the first pitch to begin baseball season
Arizona became a state, now had 48 states in US
First and only president to get stuck in his bathtub; had to get a bigger one installed

14. Woodrow Wilson Wilson elected in 1912 due to split in Republican Party
Teddy Roosevelt unhappy with Taft and will run again under Bull Moose Party- split Republican vote and allow Wilson to win
Economic Reforms
Federal Reserve Act- banks only keep portion of money, rest kept in regional federal banks (most important piece of legislation in American history)
Clayton Anti-Trust Act- stricter controls on Trusts
Underwood Tariff- decrease tariff by half
Federal Trade Commission (FTC)- monitor American business for unfair practices

15. Federal Reserve System
Advantages
Money in federal bank is insured (FDIC)
FED regulates banks to make sure they are making sound decisions
FED creates a stable currency

16. More Wilson Social Reforms
Keating-Owen Child Labor Act- prohibit hiring of children under 14 (eventually ruled unconstitutional)
Adamson Act- 8 hour workday for RR workers
Federal Farm Loan Act- long-terms loans at decreased rates