1. Sentence Structure: Sentence Types

2. Sentence Types
Simple
Compound
Complex
Compound-Complex

3. Basic Elements of Every Sentence
SUBJECT
PREDICATE

4. Basic Elements
SUBJECT
PREDICATE
Mary
plays tennis.

5. Simple Sentence

6. Simple Sentence
A simple sentence has one subject and one predicate.

7. Simple Sentence We went to San Juan yesterday.
Observe how a simple sentence is constructed:
We went to San Juan yesterday.

8. Simple Sentence We went to San Juan . Pronoun Verb
Prepositional phrase
We went to San Juan .
Simple subject
Complete predicate

9. SIMPLE SENTENCE SUBJECT PREDICATE Mary plays tennis.
one subject one predicate

10. Simple Sentence
Tom and Mary
play tennis.
Compound Subject
&

11. Simple Sentence play tennis and swim. Tom and Mary
Compound Subject Compound Predicate
&
&

12. Compound Sentence

13. Compound Sentence
A compound sentence has 2 independent clauses (2 full sentences together with a conjunction).
Independent clauses are connected by coordinating conjunctions, or a semi-colon.

14. Compound Sentence We went to San Juan, and
most of us danced all night.

15. Compound Sentence Use of Coordinating Conjunctions
SUBJECT
PREDICATE
and
SUBJECT
PREDICATE

16. Compound Sentence
Tom
swims,
and
Mary
plays tennis.

17. COMPOUND SENTENCE: COORDINATING CONJUNCTIONS
FOR
AND
NOR
BUT OR
YET SO

18. COMPOUND SENTENCE: COORDINATING CONJUNCTIONS
Tom swims, and Mary plays tennis.
Comma before “and”
in compound
sentences!

19. COMPOUND SENTENCE: SEMICOLON
Tom has benefited from his exercise program; he is slim and energetic.

20. Complex Sentence

21. Complex Sentence
A complex sentence has at least two parts: one that can stand alone and another one that cannot (independent and dependent clause).
The part that cannot stand alone is linked to the rest of the sentence by a subordinating conjunction

22. Complex Sentence Since my boyfriend and I wanted to have fun,
we went to San Juan yesterday.

23. Complex Sentence Since we wanted to have fun,
Subordinating
Conjunction
Part that cannot stand alone
Subject
Predicate
we went to San Juan yesterday.

24. COMPLEX SENTENCE: SUBORDINATING CONJUNCTIONS
The most common subordinating conjunctions are "after," "although," "as," "because," "before," "how," "if," "once," "since," "than," "that," though," "till," "until," "when," "where," "whether,” and while."

25. COMPLEX SENTENCE: SUBORDINATING CONJUNCTIONS
Bob is popular even though he is ugly.
Clause Clause 2
Independent Dependent

26. COMPLEX SENTENCE: SUBORDINATING CONJUNCTIONS
Even though Bob is ugly, he is popular.
Clause Clause 2
Dependent Independent

27. Compound-Complex Sentence

28. Compound-Complex Sentence
This type of sentence has more than one part that can stand alone, and at least one that cannot.
Conjunctions link the different parts of this sentence.

29. Compound-Complex Sentence
Since we wanted to have fun,
my boyfriend and I went to San Juan yesterday,
and we danced all night.

30. Exercises Say if the following sentences are:
Simple, compound, complex or compound-complex.

31. Because Kayla has so much climbing experience , we asked her to lead our group.
You and I need piano lessons.
I planned to go to the hockey game, but I couldn’t get tickets.
Dorothy likes white water rafting, but she also enjoys kayaking.
There are many problems to solve before this program can be used, but engineers believe that they will be able to solve them soon.

32. Answers
Complex
Simple
Compound
Compound-complex

33. Examples: I went to Starbucks last night.
I went to Starbucks last night, but it was closed.
Although I wanted Starbucks last night, I found out that is was closed.
I went to Starbucks last night, and although it was closed, I broke in and got a coffee anyway.

34. Make 4 examples for the scenario of going to Timmy’s

35. References
Writing Academic English, Second Edition, by Alice Oshima and Ann Hogue. White Plains: Addison, Wesley, Longman, 1999.
The Little, Brown Handbook, by H. Ramsey Fowler and Jane E. Aaron, Pearson, 2004.