1. Book three : soil, Rocks, and Landforms
Investigation one:
Soil and Weathering

2. Focus questions What is soil?
What causes rocks to break down into smaller rocks?
How are rocks affected by acid rain?

3. Get your Plicker’s answer pages ready!
Review! Review! Review!
Get your Plicker’s answer pages ready!

4. Different Soils?

5. 1. Earth material -
Any natural resource that makes up the Earth, including the soil and water

6. A mix of humus, sand, silt, clay, gravel, and pebbles
2. soil -
A mix of humus, sand, silt,
clay, gravel, and pebbles

7. Bits of dead plant and animals in soil
3. humus -
Bits of dead plant and animals in soil

8. When dead plants or animals break down into smaller pieces
4. decay -
When dead plants or animals
break down into smaller pieces

9. 5. mineral -
Ingredients of a rock

10. A solid earth material made of two or more minerals
6. Rock -
A solid earth material made
of two or more minerals

11. The largest category of rock pieces
7. Pebble -
The largest category of rock pieces

12. Rocks that are smaller than pebbles
8. gravel -
Rocks that are smaller than pebbles

13. Rocks that are smaller than gravel
9. sand -
Rocks that are smaller than gravel

14. Rocks that are smaller than sand
10. Silt -
Rocks that are smaller than sand

15. The smallest category of rock pieces
11. Clay -
The smallest category of rock pieces

16. Rock Formations

17. 12. weathering -
The process in which larger rocks crack and break apart to form smaller rocks

18. The process by which are broken down by banging other rocks
13. Physical Weathering -
The process by which are broken
down by banging other rocks

19. The sudden movement of earth down a slope
14. landslide -
The sudden movement of
earth down a slope

20. Rubbing, grinding, and bumping of rocks
15. Abrasion -
Rubbing, grinding, and bumping of rocks

21. To become hard due to loss of heat
16. freeze -
To become hard due to loss of heat

22. When the volume of substance increases
17. expand -
When the volume of substance increases

23. 18. Chemical weathering -
The process by which the minerals in a rock can change due to chemicals around

24. 19. Chemical Reaction -
A process in which two or more materials mix in a way to form new materials

25. A substance that has a pH below 7
20. acid -
A substance that has a pH below 7

26. 21. Acid Rain -
Rain formed into acid when carbon dioxide dissolves in the water droplets

27. When a material mixes into another
22. Dissolve -
When a material mixes into another

28. Vocabulary for Experiments!
These will help you today!

29. A dark rock formed from cooling lava
basalt -
A dark rock formed from cooling lava

30. A sedimentary rock made from calcite
Limestone -
A sedimentary rock made from calcite

31. marble -
A metamorphic rock form when limestone is subject to lots heat and pressure

32. A sedimentary rock made of sand particles that are stuck together
Sandstone -
A sedimentary rock made of sand particles that are stuck together

33. An igneous rock that forms inside Earth
Granite -
An igneous rock that forms inside Earth

34. A rock composed of smaller pieces of rocks
Conglomerate -
A rock composed of smaller pieces of rocks

35. River Delta -
A landform where a river empties sediment before the water enters into standing water

37. Experiments! Physical Weathering Soil Samples Chemical Mr. Kapusta’s
Room
Mr. Croft’s
Mrs. Smith’s
Physical
Weathering
Soil
Samples
Chemical

38. Focus questions What is soil?
What causes rocks to break down into smaller rocks?
How are rocks affected by acid rain?