1. ADVERB CLAUSES 2
All adverb clauses are subordinate and begin with a subordinating conjunction. Adverb clauses often tell under what condition and Cause—Effect, Reason or Result, Why:

2. though, as though, although, even though3
Under what Condition:
if, as if, even if, unless,
though, as though, although, even though
Cause—Effect, Reason or Result, Why:
because, as, since, so that, in order that

3. The dog won’t eat, and he seems to be hungry. (Condition)5
The dog won’t eat, and he seems to be hungry (Condition)
2. Marie had not slept in twenty-four hours, and she made several mistakes in arithmetic. (Cause—Effect)

4. 1. The dog won’t eat although he seems to be hungry.
Remember that initial (introductory) adverb clauses are set off with a comma.
1. The dog won’t eat although he seems to be hungry.
Although he seems to be hungry, the dog won’t eat
2. Because Marie had not slept in twenty-four hours, she made several mistakes in arithmetic.
Marie made several mistakes in arithmetic because she had not slept in twenty-four hours.

5. 3. Veal is not my favorite meat. I sometimes eat it. (Condition) 5
Remember that initial (introductory) adverb clauses are set off with a comma
3. Veal is not my favorite meat. I sometimes eat it. (Condition)
4. Skippy hid under the sofa, and he was afraid of the storm. (Cause— Effect)

6. I sometimes eat veal although it is not my favorite meat.
Remember that initial (introductory) adverb clauses are set off with a comma.
3. Although veal is not my favorite meat, I sometimes eat it. (Condition)
I sometimes eat veal although it is not my favorite meat.
4. Since Skippy was afraid of the storm, he hid under the sofa (Cause— Effect)
Skippy hid under the sofa because he was afraid of the storm.

7. 5. Peaches are plentiful, but they are very poor. (Condition) 8.
Remember that initial (introductory) adverb clauses are set off with a comma
5. Peaches are plentiful, but they are very poor. (Condition)
6. Jim insisted on changing the tire ,and he had on his best suit. (Condition)
7. You wait long enough, and everything comes back into style again. (Condition)
8. You are the oldest, and it was your responsibility. (Cause—Effect)

8. 5. Although peaches are plentiful, they are very poor. 12
5. Although peaches are plentiful, they are very poor.
6. Jim insisted on changing the tire even though he had on his best suit. (Condition)
6. Even though Jim had on his best suit, he insisted on changing the tire.

9. 7. Everything comes back into style again if you wait long enough. 11
7. Everything comes back into style again if you wait long enough.
8. Since you are the oldest, it was your responsibility. (Cause—Effect)
8. Because you are the oldest, it was your responsibility.

10. 11
. A. Jim insisted on changing the tire. Even though he had on his best suit.
B. Even though Jim had on his best suit. He insisted on changing the tire.
C. Even though Jim had on his best suit he insisted on changing the tire.
D. Even though Jim had on his best suit, he insisted on changing the tire.
E. Even though, Jim had on his best suit, he insisted on changing the tire.

11. 13
1. A. Jim insisted on changing the tire. Even though he had on his best suit.
ERROR-FRAGMENT
B. Even though Jim had on his best suit. He insisted on changing the tire.
C. Even though Jim had on his best suit he insisted on changing the tire.
ERROR-COMMA
D. Even though Jim had on his best suit, he insisted on changing the tire.
CORRECT-COMMA
E. Even though, Jim had on his best suit, he insisted on changing the tire.
ERROR-COMMA ERROR

12. 12
Through the Tunnel
As Jerry plays by himself, swimming and diving in the wild rocky bay, he spies a group of older boys on the cliff above him.