1. Transcription/ Translation Notes 16-17

2. RNA carries DNA’s instructions.
Central dogma – info flows in one direction

3. RNA = ribonucleic acid A chain of nucleotides
Acts as a temporary copy of DNA

4. RNA differs from DNA DNA RNA sugar deoxyribose contains thymine (T)
double stranded
sugar ribose
contains uracil (U)
single-stranded

5. Transcription makes 3 types of RNA
mRNA – messenger RNA
Message translated to form a protein
rRNA – ribosomal RNA
Forms part of ribosomes (cell’s protein factory)
tRNA – transfer RNA
Brings amino acids from cytoplasm to a ribosome to help the growing protein

6. Transcription – process of copying a sequence of DNA to produce complementary strand of RNA.
RNA polymerases – enzymes that bond nucleotides together in a chain to make new RNA molecule (p 240)

10. Transcription is similar to replication.

11. Translation
The process that converts (translates) a mRNA message into a polypeptide.
One or more polypeptides make up a protein.

12. Proteins use 20 amino acids. 4 nucleotides = 20 amino acids?
Languages
DNA uses A, T, C, G
RNA uses A, U, C, G
Proteins use 20 amino acids.
4 nucleotides = 20 amino acids?
Nucleotides are strung together like a code.

13. Stop codon – signals end of amino acid chain
Three-nucleotide sequence that codes for an amino acid
Stop codon – signals end of amino acid chain
Start codon – signals the start of translation
>UNIVERSAL CODE:
This code is shared by almost all organisms, even
some viruses.

14. Amino acids are linked to become a protein.
Anticodon – a set of three nucleotides that is complementary to an mRNA codon.

15. Page 246