1. BYPRODUCT FEEDS FROM GRAIN PROCESSING Pages 229-231

2. Feed Grain Byproducts Residual materials from grains after extraction of starch and/or oil Processing concentrates remaining components –Protein –Fiber –Oil? –Minerals Protein quality of byproduct feeds is no better than the initial grain May contain additional components added in processing

3. Corn Processing Wet Milling

4. Nutritional Composition of Byproduct Feeds from Wet Corn Processing Byproduct feed Corn grain Wet corn gluten feed Dry corn gluten feed Corn gluten meal Steep water Dry matter, % 904590 49 CP, % DM10206035 RDP, % of CP 40804080 TDN, % DM 90 84113 NDF, % DM 945350 P, % DM0.30.80.51.9 S, % DM0.10.50.3-

5. Uses of Byproducts of Wet Corn Processing in Ration Formulation Corn gluten feed –Beef cattle Feedlot cattle –Limit to 30% of the diet DM in diets containing forage –Feed up to 90% of the diet DM in diets containing little or no forage (Monitor S status) Grazing cows and growing cattle –Can comprise entire supplement –Dairy cattle Lactating cows –Limit to 30% of the diet DM Growing heifers –Can comprise entire supplement, but do not feed free- choice –Swine Sows in gestation may receive as much as 90% CGF –Poultry Layers may receive as much as 30% CGF

6. Concerns with CGF –Storage of wet CGF In outdoor pile, wet CGF needs to be fed within week Can be ensiled by itself or mixed with forage –High sulfur content Limits amounts fed to ruminants –High fiber content Limits amounts fed to growing swine, poultry, and lactating dairy cows

7. Corn gluten meal –Beef cattle Feedlot –Can comprise 50% of the protein supplement –Provides rumen undegradable protein to cattle < 600 lb Cows –Not cost-effective –No need for rumen undegradable protein –Dairy cattle Lactating cows –Can comprise 50% of the protein supplement –Provides rumen undegradable protein –Swine Limit to < 5% of diet Lysine is limiting –Poultry Limit to <5% of diet Contains Xanthophyll –Imparts yellow pigment to skin and egg yolks

8. Steep water –Beef cattle Feedlot cattle –Limit to 12% of diet DM –Supplies energy and degradable N Growing cattle and cows –Used in liquid supplements and protein tubs –Dairy cattle Use up to 5% of diet –Swine Can comprise 15% of the dry matter in liquid diets of growing-finishing pigs –Poultry Can comprise up to 5% of diet

9. Corn Processing Dry Milling

10. Nutritional Composition of Byproduct Feeds from Dry Corn Processing Byproduct feed Corn grain Wet distillers grains Modified distillers grains Dried distillers grains Condensed corn distillers solubles Dry matter, % 9040509035 CP, % DM10313424 RDP, % of CP 4035 70 TDN, % DM90112101112 Fat, % DM310 15 NDF, % DM932 0 P, % DM0.30.80.51.7 S, % DM0.10.8 0.95

11. Uses of Byproducts of Dry Corn Processing in Ration Formulation Distillers Grains with solubles –Beef cattle Feedlot cattle –Limit to 40% of the diet DM »Limited by the S content Grazing cows, growing cattle, and calves –Can comprise entire supplement –Dairy cattle Lactating cows –Limit to 20% of the diet DM Growing heifers –Limit to 15% of the diet DM –Do not feed wet DGS to heifers less than 6 mo –Swine Growing-finishing –Limit to 20% of diet DM –Poultry Limit to 15% of diet DM

12. Concerns with feeding DDGS –Sulfur content >.4% S in diet may be toxic to ruminants Toxicity risk may be prevented by supplemented with Thiamin –Fat content May reduce feed intake and fiber digestion in ruminants May cause milk fat depression in lactating dairy cows High level of unsaturated fatty acids may result in soft pork fat –Fiber content Limits use in nonruminants –Phosphorus content May cause urinary calculi in steers or lambs Need to add calcium supplement –Aflatoxin Concentrated 3 times the level in corn

13. Acceptable Aflatoxin Levels in Corn or DDGS Intended UseAlfatoxin level, ppb Lactating dairy cows, young animals <20 Growing dairy heifers<20 Breeding beef cattle, swine and mature poultry <100 Finishing swine<200 Finishing cattle<300

14. Condensed solubles –Beef cattle Feedlot cattle –Limit to 10% of diet DM Growing cattle and cows –Used in liquid supplements and protein tubs –Dairy cattle Use up to 5% of diet of lactating cows –Swine Can comprise 15% of the dry matter in liquid diets of growing-finishing pigs –Poultry Not used

15. Byproducts of Corn Meal Manufacture % of DMMain purpose FeedstuffCPCFFat Corn bran12-1610-12-Fiber source Corn germ meal 20210Energy/protein source Hominy feed 1154Energy source

16. Wheat Milling

17. Byproduct Feeds from Wheat Milling % of DM FeedstuffCPCFFatPurpose Wheat bran15114Fiber source Wheat shorts 1875Energy source Wheat middlings 189.55Energy source Wheat germ28107Energy/Protein/ Vitamin source Primarily used in swine diets, but can be used in ruminant diets

18. Beer Brewing

19. Byproducts of Beer Brewing % of DM FeedstuffCPNDFFatPurpose Brewers grains 18467Protein Brewers yeast 47101B vitamins Brewers grains primarily in dairy and horse diets Not used in swine or poultry diets

20. Oat processing

21. Byproducts of Oat Processing % of DM FeedstuffCPNDFFatPurpose Oat groats1757Energy for young animals Oat hulls6781Fiber carrier for premixes