1. Female Reproductive System

2. Did you Know?   
A new born baby girl is born with over 7 million egg cells (oocytes) in her ovaries.
Most of the oocytes gradually waste away, leaving about 1 to 2 million present at birth.
Between 16 and 20 weeks of pregnancy, the ovaries of a female fetus contain 6 to 7 million oocytes
Oocyte-immature egg

3. All are gone by menopause.
Did you Know?
Degeneration progresses more rapidly in the 10 to 15 years before menopause. 
All are gone by menopause.

4. Female Reproductive Anatomy
Figure 27.11

5. Female Reproduction Classification
Gonads
Ovaries
Oogenesis
Estrogen & Progesterone
Ducts
Fallopian Tubes
Uterus
Cervix
Endometrium
Urethra
Accessory Sex Glands
Mammary Glands
Vagina
Hymen
Supporting Structures
Clitoris
Labia
Oogenesis-production of egg

6. Ovaries (Primary)
Ova Production
Estrogen & Progesterone
Fallopian Tubes
Receive ovulated oocyte
Fertilization site
Uterus
Receives, retains, and nourishes fertilized egg

7. Endometrium
Membrane lining uterus
Houses fertilized egg
Sloughs off when egg is not fertilized (Menstruation)
Vagina
Birth Canal
Passageway for menstruation
Primary organ of copulation

8. Female Reproductive Anatomy
Ovaries
primary female reproductive organs
Make female gametes (ova-oocytes)
Secrete sex hormones
Estrogen
Progesterone

9. PRODUCE & STORE oocytes
Ovaries
PRODUCE & STORE oocytes
Ovulation – ejection of the oocyte from the ripening follicle
Corpus luteum – ruptured follicle after ovulation

10. Ovulation- occurs mid-cycle, release of oocyte from ovary
Ovarian Cycle
Follicular Phase- maturation of the oocyte, typically lasts from days 1-14
Ovulation- occurs mid-cycle, release of oocyte from ovary
Luteal Phase- after oocyte is ejected, typically lasts from days

11. Female Reproductive Anatomy
Accessory ducts include uterine tubes, uterus, and vagina
Internal genitalia – ovaries and the internal ducts (vagina, cervix, uterus, Fallopian tubes)

12. Uterine Tubes (Fallopian Tubes) and Oviducts
Receive ovulated oocyte
Provide a site for fertilization
Ciliated fingerlike projections called fimbriae sweep the egg into the fallopian tube

13. The fertilized egg (zygote) implants in the uterus
FERTILIZATION normally occurs in the Fallopian Tubes
The fertilized egg (zygote) implants in the uterus

14. Uterus Hollow, thick-walled organ located in the pelvis
Carries baby until delivery
Body – major portion of the uterus
Fundus – rounded region superior to the entrance of the uterine tubes
Isthmus – narrowed region between the body and cervix

15. Cervix – narrow neck which projects into the vagina inferiorly
Uterus
Cervix – narrow neck which projects into the vagina inferiorly
Cervical canal – cavity of the cervix

16. Female Reproductive System
External genitalia – external sex organs (labia and clitoris)

17. Vagina Thin-walled tube lying between bladder and rectum
extends from cervix to exterior of the body
Passageway for:
Birth
menstrual flow
the organ of copulation

18. External Genitalia: Vulva (Pudendum)
Clitoris - embryologically homologous to the penis a/k/a-female sex organ
Hymen- membrane covering vaginal opening

19. Hormones-Female Reproductive System
Gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH)
In hypothalamus-causes release of LH & FSH
Luteinizing hormone (LH)
Pituitary gland-stimulates ovaries to produce estrogen & progesterone
Triggers ovulation (release of egg)
Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH)
In pituitary gland-1st half of cycle-stimulates development of ovarian follicle & controls ovum (egg) production

20. Hormones-Female Reproductive System
Progesterone
Prepares endometrium (lining of uterus) for reception & dev of fertilized egg
Enhances mammary gland milk production
Estrogen
Female reproductive hormone
Produced by ovaries.
Promotes maturation & release of an egg
Development of breasts
Pubic hair

22. Hysterectomy
Removal of the Uterus
Various Causes
Radical vs. Complete

23.
Crash Course-Female reproductive

24. Fetal Development

25. Fetal Development

26. Fetal Development

27. At the 8th week, the embryo is called a FETUS
At 8 weeks
Embryo, approximately 8 weeks from conception

28.
How a baby develops

29. Male Reproductive System

30. Male Reproductive System
Figure 27.1

31. Male Reproductive Classification
Gonads
Testicles
Spermatogenesis (FSH)
Testosterone Production (LH)
Ducts
Epididymis, Ductus deferens, Urethra
Accessory Sex Glands
Seminal Vesicles
Prostate Gland
Bulbourethral Gland
Semen
Supporting Structures
Penis
Erection
Scrotum

32. Male Reproductive System
Penis
contains urethra which is passageway for urine and sperm ejaculate
Testes
produce immature sperm and male hormone testosterone
Bulbourethral Gland
Secretes alkaline base to neutralize acid before ejaculation
Secrets mucous to line urethra before ejaculation for protection

33. Male Reproductive System
Prostate Gland
Assists sperm before ejaculation by providing fluid excretions
Enlarges as you get older
Epididymis
Site of sperm maturation
Seminal Vesicle
Secrete liquid portion of semen
Fructose – ATP for sperm
Prostaglandins – Sperm motility
Aids in neutralizing female reproductive tract

35. The Penis: Anatomy Erection – Parasympathetic reflex
Occurs from blood rushing into cavernous artery causing vascular tissue in spongy body to constrict thus cutting off outflow of blood

36. Male Reproductive System
Accessory sex glands:
Empty their secretions into the ducts during ejaculation
Include the seminal vesicles, prostate gland, and bulbourethral glands

37. The Scrotum
Sac - superficial fascia
Hangs outside the abdominopelvic cavity at root of penis
Contains paired testicles separated by a septum
Must hang outside of the body - sperm must remain 30 lower in temp for viable reproduction.

38. The Scrotum
Intrascrotal temperature is kept constant by two sets of muscles:
Cremaster – bands of skeletal muscle that elevate the testes
Dartos - smooth muscle that allow rise and fall

39. The Testes Seminiferous tubules:
Site of the production & maturation of sperm cells
Converge to form tubulus rectus then to rete testis
sperm leave testis via efferent ductules & enter epididymis

40. Path of Sperm

41. The Penis
Internal penis – the urethra and cylindrical bodies of erectile tissue
Erectile tissue – spongy network of connective tissue and smooth muscle riddled with vascular spaces
Corpus spongiosum – surrounds the urethra and expands to form the glans and bulb of the penis
Corpora cavernosa – paired dorsal erectile bodies
Erection – during sexual excitement, the erectile tissues fill with blood causing the penis to enlarge and become rigid

42. Epididymis
Non-motile sperm enter, pass through its tubes and become motile
Collects & stores sperm
Upon ejaculation the epididymis contracts, expelling sperm into the vas deferens

43. Ductus Deferens and Ejaculatory Duct
Propels sperm from the epididymis to the urethra
Vasectomy – cutting and ligating the ductus deferens, which is a nearly 100% effective form of birth control

44. Urethra - Conveys both urine and semen (at different times)
Consists of three regions:
Prostatic – portion surrounded by the prostate
Membranous – lies in the urogenital diaphragm
Spongy or penile – runs through the penis and opens to the outside at the external urethral orifice

45. Accessory Glands: Seminal Vesicles
Lie on the posterior wall of the bladder and secrete 60% of the volume of semen
Join the ductus deferens to form the ejaculatory duct

46. Accessory Glands: Prostate Gland
Doughnut-shaped gland
Contains enzymes
encircles part of urethra
Plays a role in activation of sperm
Enters the prostatic urethra during ejaculation

47. Accessory Glands: Bulbourethral Glands (Cowper’s Glands)
Pea-sized glands inferior to the prostate
Produce thick, clear mucus prior to ejaculation
Neutralizes traces of acidic urine in the urethra and lubricates the penis

49. Disorders Erectile Dysfunction Prostatic Hypertrophy Infertility
Enlarged Prostate Gland
Infertility
Sperm Analyzed First
Count
Motility pH
Fructose Content
Ducts Blocked
Hormonal Inbalance
Pesticides
Alcohol & Drugs
Antibiotics

50. Crytorchidism Undescending Testicle
NO spermatogenesis due to temperature
Higher risk of Testicular Cancer

51. Inguinal Hernia
Protrusion of the small intestine due to an tear of the abdominal wall in the inguinal area

52. Sexually Transmitted
Disease

53. Herpes
Gonorrhea
Syphilis
Genital Warts